4 resultados para T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer -- immunology

em Universidad del Rosario, Colombia


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The present study aimed to assess the tolerance and efficacy of rituximab (RTX), a chimeric IgG1 monoclonal antibody directed against the CD20 receptor present in B lymphocytes, in patients with autoimmune rheumatic diseases (AIRD). For this purpose, patients treated with RTX and their respective clinical charts were comprehensively examined. Indications for treatment were a refractory character of the disease, inefficacy or intolerance of other immunosuppressors. Activity indexes (SLEDAI, DAS28, and specific clinical manifestations) were used to evaluate efficacy. Serious side effects were also recorded. Seventy-four patients were included. Forty-three patients had systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), 21 had rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 8 had Sjögren’s syndrome (SS), and 2 had Takayasu’s arteritis (TA). RTX was well-tolerated in 66 (89%) patients. In 8 patients (SLE = 3, SS = 3, RA = 2), serious side effects lead to discontinuation. The mean follow-up period was 12 ± 7.8 (2–35) months. The efficacy of RTX was registered in 58/66 (87%) patients, of whom 36 (83%) had SLE, 18/21 (85%) had RA, 3/8 (37%) had SS, and 1 had TA. The mean time of efficacy was 6.3 ± 5.1 weeks. A significant steroid-sparing effect was noticed in half of the patients. These results add further evidence for the use of RTX in AIRD. Based on its risk–benefit ratio, RTX might be used as the first-choice treatment for patients with severe AIRD.

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Introduction Fanconi anemia is an autosomal recessive disease characterized by a variety of congenital abnormalities, progressive bone marrow failure, increased chromosomal instability and higher risk to acute myeloid leukemia, solid tumors. This entity can be considered an appropriate biological model to analyze natural substances with possible genotoxic effect. The aims of this study were to describe and quantify structural chromosomal aberrations induced by 5 flavones, 2 isoflavones and a topoisomerase II chemotherapeutic inhibitor in Fanconi anemia lymphocytes in order to determine chromosomal numbers changes and/ or type of chromosomal damage. Materials and methods Chromosomes stimulated by phytohaemagglutinin M, from Fanconi anemia lymphocytes, were analysed by conventional cytogenetic culture. For each chemical substance and controls, one hundred metaphases were evaluated. Chromosomal alterations were documented by photography and imaging analyzer. To statistical analysis was used chi square test to identify significant differences between frequencies of chromosomal damage of basal and exposed cell cultured a P value less than 0.05. Results There were 431 chromosomal alterations in 1000 metaphases analysed; genistein was the more genotoxic bioflavonoid, followed in descendent order by genistin, fisetin, kaempferol, quercetin, baicalein and miricetin. Chromosomal aberrations observed were: chromatid breaks, chromosomal breaks, cromatid and chromosomal gaps, quadriratials exchanges, dicentrics chromosome and complex rearrangements. Conclusion Bioflavonoids as genistein, genistin and fisetin, which are commonly present in the human diet, showed statistical significance in the number of chromosomal aberrations in Fanconi anemia lymphocytes, regarding the basal damage.

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Las reacciones alérgicas a medicamentos cutáneas severas (RAM) como el Síndrome Stevens Johnson (SJS) y la Necrólisis Epidérmica Tóxica (NET),caracterizadas por exantema, erosión de la piel y las membranas mucosas, flictenas, desprendimiento de la piel secundario a la muerte de queratinocitos y compromiso ocular. Son infrecuentes en la población pero con elevada morbi-mortalidad, se presentan luego de la administración de diferentes fármacos. En Asia se ha asociado el alelo HLA-B*15:02 como marcador genético para SJS. En Colombia no hay datos de la incidencia de estas RAM, ni de la relación con medicamentos específicos o potenciales y tampoco estudios de aproximación genómica de genes de susceptibilidad.

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Dentro del marco del aborto involuntario recurrente (AIR), se han propuesto causas autoinmunes y alogénicas, e implementación de terapias como la inmunización activa con leucocitos alogénicos de la pareja o de donantes. La evidencia disponible en cuanto a la efectividad de estos tratamientos es contradictoria, por lo que se desea realizar una revisión sistemática para evaluar la efectividad de la inmunización activa con leucocitos alogénicos de la pareja o de donantes para esta condición. Se realizó un estudio tipo revisión sistemática de la literatura, usando las siguientes bases de datos: Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library y Scielo. Se realizó una búsqueda a través del registro de ensayos clínicos del Instituto Nacional de Salud de los Estados Unidos (www.clinicaltrials.gov) y, una búsqueda manual a través de las referencias de los estudios seleccionados siguiendo la estrategia de bola de nieve. Se seleccionaron ensayos clínicos y estudios de cohorte analítica, en idioma inglés y español. Se realizó un análisis cuantitativo de la información por medio de un metaanálisis. El tratamiento inmunomodulador con linfocitos puede considerarse como una terapia efectiva para mantener la gestación y lograr recién nacido vivo según resultados estadísticos; sin embargo la calidad de los estudios incluidos es baja, por lo que no se aconseja para la práctica rutinaria. Se sugiere la realización de estudios con metodologías robustas y que apoyen los resultados presentados en esta investigación.