Mujeres, violencia y atención en salud mental: cuestiones para (re)pensar la acogida cotidiana de los servicios

El objetivo del presente estudio fue conocer la acogida y atención prestada a las mujeres con demandas en salud mental en los servicios especializados para el afrontamiento de la violencia contra las mujeres y en la red de atención psicosocial y hospitalaria en el municipio de Natal (Rio Grande del Norte). En estos equipos, se investigó la acogida y procedimientos ofrecidos a las usuarias en situación de violencia, a través de entrevistas individuales con guiones semiestructurados entregados a los profesionales de referencia. Las entrevistas fueron analizadas a partir del referencial teórico del Análisis Institucional Francés, utilizándose el concepto-herramienta “analizador” para la interpretación de datos. Los resultados de la investigación revelaron dificultades por parte de los equipos en la acogida de estas usuarias, tanto en los servicios de enfrentamiento a la violencia como en los servicios de salud mental, resultando en internaciones psiquiátricas involuntarias e demás violencias institucionales.

Description of the risk factors for relapse in patients diagnosed with severe mental disorders

Objective: The objective of this paper is to describe the population served in mental health institutionsfor mental illness relapse, and the process of identifying risk factors in relapsing patientsdiagnosed with severe mental illness. To this end a descriptive exploratory multicenter, multistageepidemiological study was carried out in mental health institutions of the Order of San Juan deDios Hospital (OHSJD) with hospitalized relapsing patients with a diagnosis of severe mentaldisorder. This study comes from a working network of Psychology professionals in the OHSJDnationwide. Materials and methods: The population sample was of 1005 patients diagnosed withsevere mental disorders, who had presented relapse during the last year. First, the characterizationof the general population was conducted; then, it was narrowed down to the centers, taking intoaccount similarities and differences found according to the clinical and demographic variables.Results: Major risk factors for relapse found in patients diagnosed with severe mental disorderswere: having between 38 and 58 years of age, being female, single, graduates, unemployed, witha prevalence of bipolar affective disorder diagnosis, number of hospitalizations between 2 and10, number of drugs at the time of leaving hospital 2 to 6, with severe difficulties relating withothers and difficulties in adherence to treatment. The need for a caregiver was also found, as wellas a limited number of received psychological interventions. How the system of beliefs affects thedisease and the poor adherence to treatment was identified. Conclusions: These results indicatethe requirement of a design of team intervention strategies, ranging from the assessment team(home), definition of therapeutic action plans (for) and the posthospitalizacion (egress) following.There is a poor support network and limited adherence to comprehensive treatment.