Does the actual transportation system covers the need of an integrated transportation system in Bogota

El problema de transporte en Bogotá es cada vez algo mas grande, pues las medidas actuales y los planes a futuro para el desarrollo de un sistema integrado de transporte parecen no ser suficientes para la magnitud poblacional de la capital Colombiana; de igual manera los precios son elevados y representan un inconveniente para los ciudadanos puesto que la cantidad de estos que puede pagar un pasaje del actual sistema transmilenio es cada vez más baja debido al alto incremento que su tarifa tiene anualmente. Por esta razón durante lo largo de este escrito se justificaran las razones que indican que los planes aplicados y por aplicar por el distrito no son suficientes para cubrir el vacío que existe en Bogotá a nivel de un sistema integrado de transporte público.

Introducing polyautoimmunity: secondary autoimmune diseases no longer exist

Similar pathophysiological mechanisms within autoimmune diseases have stimulated searches for common genetic roots. Polyautoimmunity is defined as the presence of more than one autoimmune disease in a single patient. When three or more autoimmune diseases coexist, this condition is called multiple autoimmune syndrome (MAS). We analyzed the presence of polyautoimmunity in 1,083 patients belonging to four autoimmune disease cohorts. Polyautoimmunity was observed in 373 patients (34.4%). Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) and Sjögren's syndrome (SS) were the most frequent diseases encountered. Factors significantly associated with polyautoimmunity were female gender and familial autoimmunity. Through a systematic literature review, an updated search was done for all MAS cases (January 2006–September 2011). There were 142 articles retrieved corresponding to 226 cases. Next, we performed a clustering analysis in which AITD followed by systemic lupus erythematosus and SS were the most hierarchical diseases encountered. Our results indicate that coexistence of autoimmune diseases is not uncommon and follows a grouping pattern. Polyautoimmunity is the term proposed for this association of disorders, which encompasses the concept of a common origin for these diseases.