Formando ciudanía a través de la biopolítica : sistema de competencias ciudadanas

La escuela, gracias a su función formativa de individuos dentro de la sociedad, es una institución privilegiada para la construcción de ciudadanía. El presente trabajo de grado busca comprender dicha formación ciudadana en los colegios públicos bogotanos a partir del sistema de competencias ciudadanas del Ministerio de Educación Nacional y a la luz de la biopolítica, entendiendo a esta última como una tecnología del poder planteada por Michel Foucault, que busca la gestión de la vida y de los procesos poblacionales, junto con la regularización de los mismos. La investigación se realiza a partir del análisis del trabajo de Michel Foucault sobre biopolítica y de documentos expedidos por el Ministerio de Educación Nacional para la consolidación del sistema de competencias ciudadanas.

Do more decentralized local governments do better? an evaluation of the 2001 decentralization reform in Colombia

In this paper I evaluate the impact of the 2001 decentralization reform in Colombia. I use data from Colombia's municipalities. I look at the effect of the 2001 reform on enrolment in pre-college schools. While all municipalities received earnmarked national transfers, withthe reform some of then now have more responsabilities to provide education (deeper decen-tralization) than others. Particulary important, the reform entitle the more decentralizedmunicipalities to sign subsidy contracts with private school. Departments (the regional gov-ernments) are entitle to sign this type of contracts for the less decentralized municipalities.Since the rule for municipalities to receive more responsabilities follows and exogenous popu-lation threshold, I can implement Regression Discontinuity Design. Enrolment is measuredthrough two variables: the number of students enroled in public schools and the number of subsidized students enroled in private schools. Results sugest that more decentralized mu-nicipalities subsidize more students in private schools. The difference is significant at all thelevels of pre-college school for the period 2004-2006. In 2005, the difference accounts for20% of enrolment in private schools and 3% of population of school age. Besides, there are not significant differences among municipalities regarding enrolment in public schools.