6 resultados para RT-PCR

em Universidad del Rosario, Colombia


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Entre los años 2003 y 2004, según datos recolectados por el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INC) de Bogotá, hubo un incremento del 13% de los casos de cáncer registrados, siendo el de seno el segundo más frecuente en la población colombiana femenina. La principal prueba de tamizaje utilizada para detectar la aparición de lesiones mamarias malignas es la mamografía, pero su sensibilidad puede variar entre el 68 y el 90% (Diaz, et al., 2005). Algunos estudios han postulado como un candidato a marcador celular para el diagnóstico y seguimiento a la glicoproteína Mamoglobina humana que se expresa de manera específica en la glándula mamaria y se sobre-expresa en la mayoría de los tumores primarios y metastásico de pacientes con cáncer de seno (Fleming, et al., 2000). Desde el año 1996 cuando se identificó la Mamoglobina varios autores han reportado la especificidad de la expresión de esta proteína hacía la glándula mamaria a través de estudios de RT-PCR e inmunohistoquímica analizando muestras de tejido normal y tumoral (Watson, et al, 1996; Watson, et al, 1999; Suchy, et al, 2000; O`Brien, et al, 2002; Zehentner, et al, 2004). La Mamoglobina humana por ser una glicoproteína secretada por las células de la glándula mamaria, sobre-expresada en células tumorales y presente en el suero de mujeres con o sin cáncer, se ha identificado como un posible candidato para marcador tumoral celular sérico (Fanger, et al, 2002; Bernstein, et al., 2005; Zehentner, et al., 2004). Este estudio evaluó la presencia de la proteína Mamoglobina en muestras de suero de pacientes con cáncer de seno, estableció la concentración de esta y la comparó con un grupo control constituido por personas sin ningún tipo de cáncer, mediante el Ensayo Inmunoabsorbente Ligado a Enzima.

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Introducción: La Peste Porcina Clásica es una enfermedad de declaración obligatoria de la OIE que limita el comercio internacional. El Tolima tiene restringida la comercialización de animales con el 48% del país por no tener el mismo estatus de Zona Libre; la inclusión del departamento dentro de la zona en proceso de declaración mejoraría la condición sanitaria y permitiría la admisibilidad comercial a los productores. Metodología: Es un estudio descriptivo con dos componentes; el primero incluye la caracterización y evaluación cualitativa de las condiciones sanitarias relacionadas con PPC y el segundo la caracterización virológica mediante un muestreo aleatorio simple para determinar circulación viral. Resultados: se encontró que la atención de las notificaciones se realiza en ≤ 1 día, mientras que entre la atención y resultados existen demoras en el 84% de los casos; las coberturas vacunales son ≥90% que evidencian inmunidad poblacional prolongada y sostenida; en el departamento no se presentan focos desde hace mas de 8 años, no han tenido importaciones de animales con riesgo sanitario, no cuenta barreras geográficas en los limites con la Zona Control que permitan aislamiento y en el muestreo todos los resultados fueron negativos a PPC por RT PCR, con un VPN de 0.99. Discusión: El Tolima cumple con las condiciones sanitarias para incluirse en la próxima zona en proceso de declaración, sin embargo es necesario mejorar las rutas cítricas para la atención de sospechas de PPC e instaurar puestos de control para aislar el departamento y controlar las movilizaciones de porcinos.

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Background Plasmodium vivax continues to be the most widely distributed malarial parasite species in tropical and sub-tropical areas, causing high morbidity indices around the world. Better understanding of the proteins used by the parasite during the invasion of red blood cells is required to obtain an effective vaccine against this disease. This study describes characterizing the P. vivax asparagine-rich protein (PvARP) and examines its antigenicity in natural infection. Methods The target gene in the study was selected according to a previous in silico analysis using profile hidden Markov models which identified P. vivax proteins that play a possible role in invasion. Transcription of the arp gene in the P. vivax VCG-1 strain was here evaluated by RT-PCR. Specific human antibodies against PvARP were used to confirm protein expression by Western blot as well as its subcellular localization by immunofluorescence. Recognition of recombinant PvARP by sera from P. vivax-infected individuals was evaluated by ELISA. Results VCG-1 strain PvARP is a 281-residue-long molecule, which is encoded by a single exon and has an N-terminal secretion signal, as well as a tandem repeat region. This protein is expressed in mature schizonts and is located on the surface of merozoites, having an apparent accumulation towards their apical pole. Sera from P. vivax-infected patients recognized the recombinant, thereby suggesting that this protein is targeted by the immune response during infection.

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Background: Rhoptries are specialized organelles from parasites belonging to the phylum Apicomplexa; they secrete their protein content during invasion of host target cells and are sorted into discrete subcompartments within rhoptry neck or bulb. This distribution is associated with these proteins’ role in tight junction (TJ) and parasitophorous vacuole (PV) formation, respectively. Methods: Plasmodium falciparum RON2 amino acid sequence was used as bait for screening the codifying gene for the homologous protein in the Plasmodium vivax genome. Gene synteny, as well as identity and similarity values, were determined for ron2 and its flanking genes among P. falciparum, P. vivax and other malarial parasite genomes available at PlasmoDB and Sanger Institute databases. Pvron2 gene transcription was determined by RT-PCR of cDNA obtained from the P. vivax VCG-1 strain. Protein expression and localization were assessed by Western blot and immunofluorescence using polyclonal anti-PvRON2 antibodies. Co-localization was confirmed using antibodies directed towards specific microneme and rhoptry neck proteins. Results and discussion: The first P. vivax rhoptry neck protein (named here PvRON2) has been identified in this study. PvRON2 is a 2,204 residue-long protein encoded by a single 6,615 bp exon containing a hydrophobic signal sequence towards the amino-terminus, a transmembrane domain towards the carboxy-terminus and two coiled coil a-helical motifs; these are characteristic features of several previously described vaccine candidates against malaria. This protein also contains two tandem repeats within the interspecies variable sequence possibly involved in evading a host’s immune system. PvRON2 is expressed in late schizonts and localized in rhoptry necks similar to what has been reported for PfRON2, which suggests its participation during target cell invasion. Conclusions: The identification and partial characterization of the first P. vivax rhoptry neck protein are described in the present study. This protein is homologous to PfRON2 which has previously been shown to be associated with PfAMA-1, suggesting a similar role for PvRON2.

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Background: Plasmodium vivax malaria remains a major health problem in tropical and sub-tropical regions worldwide. Several rhoptry proteins which are important for interaction with and/or invasion of red blood cells, such as PfRONs, Pf92, Pf38, Pf12 and Pf34, have been described during the last few years and are being considered as potential anti-malarial vaccine candidates. This study describes the identification and characterization of the P. vivax rhoptry neck protein 1 (PvRON1) and examine its antigenicity in natural P. vivax infections. Methods: The PvRON1 encoding gene, which is homologous to that encoding the P. falciparum apical sushi protein (ASP) according to the plasmoDB database, was selected as our study target. The pvron1 gene transcription was evaluated by RT-PCR using RNA obtained from the P. vivax VCG-1 strain. Two peptides derived from the deduced P. vivax Sal-I PvRON1 sequence were synthesized and inoculated in rabbits for obtaining anti-PvRON1 antibodies which were used to confirm the protein expression in VCG-1 strain schizonts along with its association with detergent-resistant microdomains (DRMs) by Western blot, and its localization by immunofluorescence assays. The antigenicity of the PvRON1 protein was assessed using human sera from individuals previously exposed to P. vivax malaria by ELISA. Results: In the P. vivax VCG-1 strain, RON1 is a 764 amino acid-long protein. In silico analysis has revealed that PvRON1 shares essential characteristics with different antigens involved in invasion, such as the presence of a secretory signal, a GPI-anchor sequence and a putative sushi domain. The PvRON1 protein is expressed in parasite's schizont stage, localized in rhoptry necks and it is associated with DRMs. Recombinant protein recognition by human sera indicates that this antigen can trigger an immune response during a natural infection with P. vivax. Conclusions: This study shows the identification and characterization of the P. vivax rhoptry neck protein 1 in the VCG-1 strain. Taking into account that PvRON1 shares several important characteristics with other Plasmodium antigens that play a functional role during RBC invasion and, as shown here, it is antigenic, it could be considered as a good vaccine candidate. Further studies aimed at assessing its immunogenicity and protection-inducing ability in the Aotus monkey model are thus recommended.

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El cáncer de cuello uterino (CCU) es la segunda causa de muerte por cáncer en la población femenina de Colombia con tasas de incidencia y mortalidad altas (32,9-36,4 y 18,7 casos/año/100.000 mujeres, respectivamente). El principal factor de riesgo para el desarrollo de lesiones cervicales pre-neoplásicas es la infección persistente por ciertos tipos de Virus de Papiloma Humano (VPH) conocidos como de alto riesgo (VPH-AR), asociados con ~90% de CCU a nivel mundial. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo identificar las características de la infección por VPH en una población de mujeres socio-demográficamente heterogénea, que habitan en diferentes regiones de Colombia. Para esto, fueron incluidas 2109 mujeres provenientes de las ciudades de Chaparral, Tumaco, Leticia, Bogotá y Girardot, quienes acudieron a los programas de promoción y prevención de CCU implementados en los respectivos hospitales; cada mujer proporcionó información sociodemográfica y de conductas sexuales, además de una muestra de raspado cervical. Se determinó la presencia de VPH por la técnica de PCR, empleando tres juegos de cebadores genéricos, adicionalmente, se usaron cebadores tipo-específicos para determinar la frecuencia de seis tipos de VPH de alto riesgo (VPH-AR-16, -18, -31, -33, -45 y -58) y dos de bajo riesgo (VPH-BR-6/11). Se evaluó también la carga viral de los tipos de VPH-AR mediante PCR en tiempo real y se correlacionaron los datos de 219 mujeres a través de un seguimiento a dos años (cada 6 meses), con el fin de determinar la dinámica de los patrones de infecciones únicas y múltiples encontrados en nuestro país.