Working memory in school-aged children: Exhibition intervals and distracters effects in Memonum computerized test

This study assessed visual working memory through Memonum computerized test in schoolchildren. The effects of three exposure times (1, 4 and 8 seconds) have been evaluated, and the presentation of a distractor on the mnemonic performance in the test Memonum in 72 children from a college in the metropolitan area of Bucaramanga, Colombia, aged between 8 and 11 in grades third, fourth and fifth grade. It has been found significant difference regarding the exposure time in the variables number of hits and successes accumulated, showing a better mnemonic performance in participants who took the test during 8 seconds compared to children who took the test during 1 second; in addition, the presence of a distractor showed a significant difference regarding the strengths and successes accumulated. Such distractor is considered a stimulus generator interference that disrupts the storage capacity of working memory in children. Additionally, a significant difference was found with respect to the use of mental rehearsal strategy, indicating that participants who took the test in 4 and 8 seconds, respectively, assigned higher scores than children who took the test in 1 second. A long exposure time to stimuli during Memonum test increases the holding capacity. Also, the use of a distractor affects the storage capacity and this, at the same time, increases the school progression due to the use of mnemonic strategies that children use to ensure the memory of the numerical series

Validez del supuesto de neutralidad del horizonte de tiempo en el CAPM y la metodología del rango reescalado: aplicación a Colombia

La existencia de memoria de largo plazo en las series financieras implica que los retornos de un activo hoy pueden tener incidencia sobre los retornos futuros, incluso más allá del corto plazo. En presencia de dicha memoria el horizonte de inversión elegido puede resultar en diferentes condiciones de riesgo para el inversionista. Peters (1989 y 1992), Mandelbrot (1972), León y Vivas (2010), entre otros, encuentran evidencia de dependencia de largo plazo de las series de tiempo financieras y muestran sus principales implicaciones. Este documento se ocupa de extender el análisis al uso del supuesto de neutralidad del horizonte de tiempo en el CAPM, estimando el efecto cuantitativo de la existencia de dependencia de largo plazo en este modelo según lo desarrollado por Greene y Fieltz (1980). Los resultados para una muestra de acciones colombianas y estadounidenses muestran que la distribución de la medida del riesgo sistémico en el modelo, el beta, es estadísticamente diferente cuando se incorpora el efecto de dependencia de largo plazo; por lo tanto, los retornos esperados de estas acciones cambian. En el mercado colombiano se observa una sobreestimación del beta cuando no se realiza el ajuste propuesto, mientras que en las acciones estadounidenses analizadas el beta sin el ajuste se encuentra subestimado. En cuanto a los retornos esperados, estos son sobrevalorados al no tener en cuenta el ajuste por dependencia de largo plazo, tanto en las acciones colombianas como en las estadounidenses.

Mnesic performance and executive functions in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS)

The Episodic Memory (EM) and the Executive Functions (EF) are cognitive areas that are affected in patients with diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis (MS). Nowadays there exists scarce works destined to explore the infl uence of the EF on measures of mnesic performance in MS. For this reason, we analyze the effect of the EF on the performance in a set of memory measures. We worked with a clinical group (n=36) and with a control group (n=36) compared by age and educational level. The results show that the clinical group obtained significantly low average values in all the mnesic indexes (with exception of recognition) and in all the executive measures. All the executive indexes showed significant associations with some of the indexes of mnesic performance. These findings suggest that the problems in the episodic memory in EM patients could be analyzed as the manifestation of a global disorder that could be similar to the one that involves the EF. 

Autobiographical Memory for Stressful Events, Traumatic Memory and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: A Systematic Review

Stressors and traumatic events may contribute to the development of many psychopathologies, PTSD among them. People with this disorder can present significant cognitive impairments and losses in memory, particularly autobiographical memory (AM).This paper aims to present a systematic review of literature considering changes on autobiographical memory in people exposed to potentially traumatic stressors. Therefore, we performed a computerized search in databases PsycINFO, PubMed, Web of Science and Pilots in March 2012.A total of 29 articles were selected and grouped into three categories: studies comparing Trauma X PTSD, studies comparing PTSD X Trauma X Control and comparison studies according to post-traumatic symptoms. Results demonstrate that people with PTSD presents alterations in a larger number of AM components compared to the cases in which PTSD did not developed. In the same way, subjects never exposed to trauma did not demonstrate significant alterations on  AM when compared to the other groups. The results of this study allowed concluding that changes of some components of the AM are primarily associated with PTSD, but it was not possible to clarify whether such changes are related to the timely development of the disorder, or if they are also observed in traumatic memories even in the absence of disorder.

Neuropsychological profile in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy

The temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) is the most common type of refractory epilepsy in adults. There is a wide consensus regarding the commitment of memory in temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis. However, the consensus is not as widespread with respect to the other functions such as attention, executive functions, language and intellectual performance. For this study we analyzed retrospectively a group of 76 patients with refractory epilepsy, 48 patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (23 with right lateralization and 25 with left lateralization) and 28 patients with extratemporal epilepsy. We applied a battery of neuropsychological tests used in the Epilepsy Surgery Program at Hospital de Egas Moniz, Lisbon, Portugal. Our results show that the battery of neuropsychological tests is internally consistent in the evaluation of patients with TLE. We have also found that patients with TLE have standard generalized deficits witch could be indicative of areas of engagement besides the hippocampus. One interesting finding was the fact that interference verbal memory (long term memory) remains adequate, suggesting that this function is not compromised in TLE. In addition to the general pattern of cognitive deficits, we can see the impact of the disease at the socio-demographic level, and we can also establish a relationship with neurobiological findings previously described in the literature

El montaje en Aby Warburg Y Walter Benjamin. Un método alternativo para la representación de la violencia

El texto pretende esbozar un modo de disposición y exposición del archivo visual basado en la noción de montaje. El método se esbozará a partir de algunos de los elementos del proceder metodológico de Aby Warburg y Walter Benjamin. Las correspondencias que se han trazado entre las prácticas históricas de ambos autores, se aprovecharán para dar cuenta de un método que comparten en cuanto al modo especial de entender las relaciones entre los elementos del archivo y las temporalidades que es posible establecer a partir de estas relaciones. Desde allí, se sugiere la posibilidad de construir un montaje de imágenes, producidas en diferentes contextos de circulación con el motivo iconográfico de la lengua violentada, a través del cual se alude a las relaciones entre memoria, violencia y silencio, y con el que se muestra que este procedimiento hace posible establecer correspondencias entre diferentes épocas de la violencia en Colombia.