Labor's shares - aggregate and industry: accounting for both in a model of unbalanced growth with induced innovation

The relative stability of aggregate labor's share constitutes one of the great macroeconomic ratios. However, relative stability at the aggregate level masks the unbalanced nature of industry labor's shares – the Kuznets stylized facts underlie those of Kaldor. We present a two-sector – one labor-only and the other using both capital and labor – model of unbalanced economic development with induced innovation that can rationalize these phenomena as well as several other empirical regularities of actual economies. Specifically, the model features (i) one sector ("goods" production) becoming increasingly capital-intensive over time; (ii) an increasing relative price and share in total output of the labor-only sector ("services"); and (iii) diverging sectoral labor's shares despite (iii) an aggregate labor's share that converges from above to a value between 0 and unity. Furthermore, the model (iv) supports either a neoclassical steadystate or long-run endogenous growth, giving it the potential to account for a wide range of real world development experiences.

Labour market, international trade, and unemployment in a less developed country

This paper constructs a trade general equilibrium model for a less developed country with three sectors. One is the informal and un-tradable sector characterized by áexible wages, while the other two sectors are tradable, export and import sectors. The model imposes a binding minimum wage over the unskilled labour and e¢ cient wage distortions on the skilled labour. Comparative statics is driven to analyze the e§ects on the labour market as consequence of opening the economy, raising the minimum wage and the introduction of an augmenting productivity in the export sector.

Essays on International trade and economic growth

At present, we are witnessing globalization as a truly worldwide phenomenon. Trade agreements among differing countries, a reduction in trade costs, the mobility of production factors, the free flow of information and so on are all proof of the present day era of globalization. Countries are trading with one another more and more every day and the effects of international trade on economies represent a central discussion in all economic spheres. In spite of increasing trade around the world and the promotion of globalization by multilateral organisms such as WTO and IMF, the effects of international trade are not yet clear. Economics literature concerning the effects of international trade on economic growth and welfare remains ambiguous in terms of both theoretical models and empirical research. The present thesis tries to contribute to the theoretical debate surrounding the effects of dynamic international trade, focusing in particular on the implications for economic growth, welfare and changes in the preferences of individuals.

Plan exportador Comercializadora Point Ltda.

A lo largo de la historia los mercados poco a poco se fueron abasteciendo de productos que buscaban brindar beneficios extras a sus compradores, tales que pudieran verse reflejados ya sea en facilitar las tareas habituales de los seres humanos, o simplemente brindar satisfacción por su consumo o percepción; A partir del nuevo milenio y dadas las cualidades dinámicas del mercado, las tendencias de compra del mercado de los bienes para el consumo humano han venido teniendo una desviación un poco más naturista; esta consiste en la búsqueda de alimentos producidos bajo altos estándares de calidad, pero diferentes a los productos convencionales. Actualmente se han venido desarrollando nuevas prácticas agrícolas, para evitar contaminar la tierra y lograr obtener alimentos más sanos, todos estos se llaman productos orgánicos, y su principal cualidad es que son más saludables y de valor agregado, ya que no se cultivan con ningún tipo de producto de síntesis química, lo que permite una mayor fertilidad de los suelos e incremento de la biodiversidad. Por estas razones y agregando la globalización de los mercados mundiales, es que queremos desarrollar un plan de exportación de Café Orgánico mediante la comercializadora POINT LTDA, aprovechando además brindarle a la empresa las herramientas necesarias para una futura internacionalización, teniendo en cuenta las grandes oportunidades que hay en estos momentos de expandir y tener negocios rentables en todo el mundo.

Productivity, demand and the home market effect

The causality between international trade and industrialization is still ambiguous. We consider a model of international trade with the Home Market Effect - with differences in income and productivity between sectors and between countries - in order to identify additional channels for determining the effects of international trade on industrialization. Introducing non-homothetic preferences and differences in productivity aids in the interpretation of any apparent paradoxes within international trade, such as the commercial relations between more populated countries like China and India and large economies such as the U.S. Population size, demand composition and productivity levels constitute the three main channels for determining the effects of international trade. Interactions among these channels define the results obtained in terms of industrialization, while welfare levels are always higher in relation to autarky.