Perspectiva ético-política del ser ciudadano: una mirada desde los jóvenes

Este artículo se deriva de la investigación "Referentes ético-políticos de la ciudadaníade un grupo de jóvenes de la ciudad de Manizales", la cual indagó por las perspectivas éticas y políticas implícitas en la ciudadanía según jóvenes universitarios estudiantes de ciencia política y jóvenes pertenecientes a la cultura urbana de hip-hop. La pregunta de investigación se fundamentó en los planteamientos de Rawls sobre ciudadanía y justicia, de Taylor sobre autenticidad y de Kymlicka sobre ciudadanía multicultural y derechos diferenciados. Los antecedentes investigativos revisados parecen orientarse a la indagación por los implícitos morales y políticos de la ciudadanía, la noción de ciudadanía en el marco de una idea de democracia, la ciudadanía y la participación juvenil y la ciudadanía y la construcción de identidad. Se encontró que los dos grupos hacen referencia a la libertad, la igual dignidad, la responsabilidad, el respeto, la solidaridad, y la tolerancia, como los principios fundamentales de la ciudadanía. Llamó la atención que, mientras para los jóvenes universitarios la ciudadanía se debe instaurar como un estatus socio-político —que permita exigir los derechos de manera individual—, para los jóvenes hip-hoperos la ciudadanía se debe asumir a partir del reconocimiento de los marcos socio-culturales que le dan sentido de vida y pertenencia a esta cultura juvenil urbana.-----This article derives from the research entitled "Ethical-political Citizenship Reference Points from a Group of Young People from the City of Manizales", which sought to discover the ethical and political perspectives implied by citizenship according to young political science university students and youngsters belonging to the urban Hip-Hop culture. The aim of the investigation is based on Rawls’ proposals regarding citizenship and justice, Taylor’s on authenticity, and Kymlicka’s on multicultural citizens and group-differentiated rights. Revised research references appear to be oriented towards indignation due to citizenship-implied morals and politics, the notion of citizenship within the framework of an idea of democracy, citizenship and youth participation, and citizenship and the building of identity. It was discovered that both groups made reference to freedom, equal dignity, responsibility, respect, solidarity and tolerance as the basic fundamentals of citizenship. It was interesting to see that, while for university students citizenship should be established as a socio-political status —allowing to demand rights on an individual basis—, for the young Hip-Hoppers citizenship should be assumed from the basis of acknowledgement of the existence of socio-cultural frameworks that provide this young urban culture with a sense of life and belonging.

The institutional environment and its influence on political options to Protect Winnipeg’s Female garments Workers against the impact of globalization

The principal objective of this paper is to identify the relationship between the re­sults of the Canadian policies implemented to protect female workers against the impact of globalization on the garment industry and the institutional setting in which this labour market is immersed in Winnipeg. This research paper begins with a brief summary of the institutional theory appro­ach that sheds light on the analysis of the effects of institutions on the policy options to protect female workers of the Winnipeg garment industry. Next, this paper identi­fies the set of beliefs, formal procedures, routines, norms and conventions that cha­racterize the institutional environment of the female workers of Winnipeg’s garment industry. Subsequently, this paper descri­bes the impact of free trade policies on the garment industry of Winnipeg. Afterward, this paper presents an analysis of the ba­rriers that the institutional features of the garment sector in Winnipeg can set to the successful achievement of policy options addressed to protect the female workforce of this sector. Three policy options are considered: ethical purchasing; training/retraining programs and social engage­ment support for garment workers; and protection of migrated workers through promoting and facilitating bonds between Canada’s trade unions and trade unions of the labour sending countries. Finally, this paper concludes that the formation of isolated cultural groups inside of factories; the belief that there is gender and race discrimination on the part of the garment industry management against workers; the powerless social conditions of immi­grant women; the economic rationality of garment factories’ managers; and the lack of political will on the part of Canada and the labour sending countries to set effective bilateral agreements to protect migrate wor­kers, are the principal barriers that divide the actors involved in the garment industry in Winnipeg. This division among the prin­cipal actors of Winnipeg’s garment industry impedes the change toward more efficient institutions and, hence, the successful achievement of policy options addressed to protect women workers. 

Legal Sociology Reformulated: the Transformation of Law in Globalization and New Citizenship

This article seeks to demonstrate how Law inter-related with Economy, constitutes in modern societies one of the main instruments for the construction of citizen consensus or the construction of political hegemony in modern societies. If we consider this affirmation —as is argued here— the transformations suffered in recent decades by Law as a consequence of the new phase of capitalistic globalization, have played an important role in the constitution of a new subjectivity (“single thought”) in the population.

Intereses políticos en el reconocimiento formal de la ciudadanía femenina en Colombia (1945-1957)

Esta investigación analiza la incidencia de los intereses políticos en la consecución formal de la ciudadanía femenina en Colombia a mediados del siglo XX, en un contexto marcado por la influencia de postulados liberales capitalistas y del discurso de modernidad. Desde una perspectiva histórica que incluye al género como variable, se presenta evidencia empírica de los principales intereses políticos masculinos como factor central en la aprobación formal del ingreso de las mujeres al espacio público y la ampliación del concepto de ciudadanía. El texto busca complementar enfoques que han privilegiado intereses electorales o movilizaciones feministas como determinantes del voto femenino, llenando así un vacío académico en la literatura de género. Sin minimizar la importancia de las luchas feministas, se concluye que diversos intereses morales, electorales, diplomáticos y económicos posibilitaron en la aprobación del voto femenino en un contexto histórico nacional e internacional particular, marcado por el influyente discurso de modernidad.