Competitividad e infraestructura portuaria de la Costa Atlántica (Puerto de Cartagena – Puerto de Barranquilla) frente al Puerto de Miami

A continuación, se presentan los factores estratégicos de más importancia que enfocados adecuadamente y con una administración eficaz de los recursos generarán mucho más valor a la actividad portuaria de la Costa Atlántica Colombiana: • Aprovechamiento de los recursos existentes: Las vías existentes, terrestres y fluviales proporcionan alto valor al manejo de la mercancía. Inversión en mejora y mantenimiento generará mejora en tiempos de transporte. • Capacitación continua y la adquisición de nueva tecnología: Adquirir tecnología es vital, pero capacitar al talento humano es el otro 50% del trabajo para poder rendir un 100% y hacer de la inversión un dinero valido. • Firma de Tratados de cooperación Puertos Hermanos: el enriquecimiento de conocimiento es primordial, compartir experiencias, generar encuentros que permitan realizar alianzas de cooperación en donde sea posible alcanzar estándares mundiales de desarrollo para ampliar el mercado. • Crear oportunidad de negocio para clientes: generar un ambiente seguro para la carga de las líneas navieras es la mejor cara para el mercado portuario, que vean en cada puerto una oportunidad de crecimiento e inversión. • Gobierno: Trabajar de la mano con el apoyo del gobierno para generar sinergia y crear mejores oportunidades de negocio con otros países.

Face and content validity of smoking-related and matched control pictures

Smoking-related pictures and matched controls are useful tools in experimental tasks of attentional bias. Noteworthy the procedures used to produce and validate these pairs of pictures are poorly reported. This study aimed to describe the production and evidence of validity of a set of smoking-related pictures and their matched controls. Two studies were conducted to assess validity. An online internet-based survey was used to assess face validity of 12 pictures related to smoking behavior and 12 matched controls. All pictures were colored and were 95mm length x 130mm width. Participants were asked if the pictures were related or not to the smoking behavior and also rated how much each picture was related to smoking behavior. The second study investigated attentional bias in smokers (n = 47) and non-smokers (n = 50), and examined how they assessed all pictures in terms of pleasantness and the 12 smoking-related pictures in terms of relevance to their own smoking behavior. Craving was assessed before and after the experiment. Results indicate that this set of pictures are valid since smoking-related pictures were considered more related to smoking behavior compared to their matched controls. Moreover, smokers showed greater attentional bias for smoking-related pictures than non-smokers. Craving and relevance of the smoking-related pictures were higher in smokers than in non-smokers. Smokers considered smoking-related pictures them less unpleasant than non-smokers. These findings provide evidence of face and content validity of this set of pictures, which will be available to researchers, contributing to maximize the standardization of future investigations.