The Ergonomic Analysis and Back Injuries in Flexible Production System

Back injuries identification and diagnoses in the transition of the Taylor model to the flexiblemodel of production organization, demands a parallel intervention of prevention actors at work. This study uses simultaneously three intervention models (structured action analysis, muscle skeletal symptoms questionnaires and muscle skeletal assessment) for work activities in a packaging plant. In this study seventy and two (72) operative workers participated (28 workers with muscle skeletal evaluation). In an intervention period of 10 months, the physical, cognitive, organizational components and productive process dynamics were evaluated from the muscle skeletal demands issues. The differences established between objective exposure at risk, back injury risk perception, appreciation and a vertebral spine evaluation, in prior and post intervention, determines the structure for a muscle skeletal risk management system. This study explains that back injury symptoms can be more efficiently reduced among operative workers combining measures registered and the adjustment between dynamics, the changes at work and efficient gestures development. Relevance: the results of this study can be used to pre ent back injuries in workers of flexible production processes.

Experience of the Flexible Internship in University of Rosario-Medical School

Objective: To evaluate the flexible program implemented for the medical internship at School of Medicine, Universidad del Rosario during the period 1997-2002. Methodology: A descriptive study was performed to summarize the choices of medical clerkships made by the interns during the whole studied period. The coincidence with the further choice of a determined medical specialty was assessed. Conclusions: Most of the last year’s students remain preferring a conservative approach to their career, by choosing clerkships in a basic area, such as internal medicine, pediatrics, gynecology and obstetrics or general surgery. The coincidence between the type of internship or clerkships a student performs and the future election of a specialty is high.

Modelando la distribución de series de tiempo de tasa de cambio y midiendo el área de las colas: una aplicación empírica a los rendimientos de la tasa de cambio flexible en Colombia.

El conocimiento de la distribución de probabilidad de los retornos de la tasa de cambio y la medición de las área extremas son tópicos en la literatura de finanzas que han sido analizados por procedimientos de estimación paramétricos y no paramétricos. Sin embargo, un conflicto de robustez surge debido a que estas series de tiempo son leptocúrticas. Más aún, se ha observado que en varias economías en desarrollo la fase inicial del régimen flexible de tasa de cambio ha presentado volatilidad alta. En esta investigación se cubren dos objetivos: primero, parametrizar varias clases de distribuciones que permitan tener una nueva descripción del proceso generador de la tasa de cambio durante el régimen flexible. Segundo, cuantificar el área extrema a través del estimador de Hill. Está estrategia requiere que el número de observaciones extremas sea conocido. Así basado en la teoría de estadísticas de orden se implementa una regla de decisión encontrada por simulación de Monte Carlo bajo varias distribuciones. El modelo de decisión es formulado de tal manera que el error cuadrado medio es minimizado.