The Autoimmune Tautology: From Polyautoimmunity and Familial Autoimmunity to the Autoimmune Genes

Autoimmune diseases (ADs) are chronic conditions initiated by the loss of immunological tolerance to self-antigens and represent a heterogeneous group of disorders that afflict specific target organs ormultiple organ systems [1]. The chronic nature of these diseases places a significant burden on the utilization of medical care, direct and indirect economic costs, and quality of life. The fact that ADs share several clinical signs and symptoms (i.e., subphenotypes), physiopathological mechanisms, and genetic factors has been called autoimmune tautology and indicates that they have common mechanisms

Clinical prediction of occupational and non-specific low back pain

Non-specific Occupational Low Back Pain (NOLBP) is a health condition that generates a high absenteeism and disability. Due to multifactorial causes is difficult to determine accurate diagnosis and prognosis. The clinical prediction of NOLBP is identified as a series of models that integrate a multivariate analysis to determine early diagnosis, course, and occupational impact of this health condition. Objective: to identify predictor factors of NOLBP, and the type of material referred to in the scientific evidence and establish the scopes of the prediction. Materials and method: the title search was conducted in the databases PubMed, Science Direct, and Ebsco Springer, between1985 and 2012. The selected articles were classified through a bibliometric analysis allowing to define the most relevant ones. Results: 101 titles met the established criteria, but only 43 metthe purpose of the review. As for NOLBP prediction, the studies varied in relation to the factors for example: diagnosis, transition of lumbar pain from acute to chronic, absenteeism from work, disability and return to work. Conclusion: clinical prediction is considered as a strategic to determine course and prognostic of NOLBP, and to determine the characteristics that increase the risk of chronicity in workers with this health condition. Likewise, clinical prediction rules are tools that aim to facilitate decision making about the evaluation, diagnosis, prognosis and intervention for low back pain, which should incorporate risk factors of physical, psychological and social.

Las tecnologías de la información y las comunicaciones – tic - como herramientas de desarrollo económico y su impacto en la erradicación de la pobreza extrema y el hambre

Este documento evalúa el impacto de las TIC como herramientas de desarrollo económico en la erradicación de la pobreza extrema y el hambre, mediante un análisis comparativo de los países que han presentado un avance económico y social a partir de la adopción de las TIC, y su relación con la cifras de pobreza y Hambre. En la primera parte se desarrolla la relación de las TIC como oportunidades para avanzar en un proceso de cambio económico y social, se plantean los objetivos, la justificación y los alcances de la investigación. En la segunda parte se hace alusión al marco teórico, situación de la pobreza y el Hambre, causas, consecuencias e importancia de las TIC para el desarrollo económico y social, marco legislativo, índices de crecimiento en los diferentes países y su correlación con los indicadores económicos. En la tercera parte se realiza el marco metodológico de la investigación, análisis de los diferentes indicadores, índice de desarrollo tecnológico IDT, producto interno bruto PIB, indicador de pobreza PPA e indicador de índice global de hambre IGH; que describen la situación de los países objeto del estudio. En la cuarta parte se realiza la discusión de la investigación, y se presentan las conclusiones; determinando el estado directo o inverso en cuanto la erradicación de la pobreza extrema y el hambre mediante la implementación de las TIC, definiendo la aplicabilidad y pertinencia de estas en el desarrollo económico de los países que presentan un alto índice de pobreza extrema y hambre.

Short Term Health Shocks and School Attendance: The Case of a Dengue Fever Outbreak in Colombia.

This paper makes use of a short, sharp, unexpected health shock in the form of the 2010 Colombian Dengue outbreak to examine the direct and indirect impact of negative health shocks on behaviour of households in affected areas. Our analysis combines data from several sources in order to obtain a comprehensive picture of the influence of the outbreak, and furthermore to understand the underlying mechanisms driving the effects. Our initial analysis indicates that the outbreak had a substantial negative effect on the health status of adults and adversely affected their ability to function as usual in their daily lives. In our aggregated school data, in areas with high levels of haemorrhagic Dengue we observe a reduction innational exam attendance (last year of secondary school) and on enrolment rates in primary education. Further analysis aims to exploit detailed individual level data to gain a more in depth understanding of the precise channels through which this disease influenced the behaviour and outcomes of the poor in Colombia.