4 resultados para Diário de Notícias
em Universidad del Rosario, Colombia
Resumo:
Executive Functions (EF) concern a range of abilitiesincluding problem-solving, planning, initiation, selfmonitoring,conscious attention, cope with new situationsand the ability to modify plans if necessary. It’s ahigh cognitive function that is crucial for a person to getengaged and maintain daily activities whilst keeping agood quality of life. Problems in the EF were formerlyknown as Dysexecutive Syndrome (DS). There are manymodels concerning DS, although the literature on thesubject still remains unclear. Several works appoint theeffects brought by elderly life, as well as abuse of drugsand some psychopathologies. These factors are knownto increase the distress of the frontal circuits and thatcould be associated to executive deficits. The effects ofDS would compromise individuals in day-to-day routine,academic, social and labor fields. There is a growingbody of studies trying to determine the causes, implications,associations and the best way to take care of theseeffects. This work intends to review DS, focusing on themost important fields related to this area, such as psychopathologyassociations, cognitive reserve, assessmentand cognitive rehabilitation programs.
Resumo:
El biofeedback cardiovascular es una técnica de automodulación fisiológica mediada por la resonancia entre dos mecanismos de regulación cardiovascular: el reflejo barorreceptor y la arritmia sinusal respiratoria. Cuando ese fenómeno ocurre, es posible visualizar un aumento significativo en la amplitud de la frecuencia en torno a 0.1Hz, llamada baja frecuencia (low frequency, LF). En ese trabajo, se consultó la base de datos Pubmed y fueron revisados 31 trabajos, publicados entre el 2000 y junio del 2012. El protocolo más utilizado (en 43.94% de los artículos) fue desarrollado por Lehrer, Vaschillo, & Vaschillo (2000), y involucra 10 sesiones semanales, de 20 minutos cada una, y entrenamiento doméstico diario, dos veces al día durante 20 minutos. El entrenamiento con biofeedback ha presentado resultados promisorios como terapia complementar en diferentes trastornos, con reducción significativa en las escalas de ansiedad y depresión, sea cuando esas patologías se presentan como única molestia o como comorbilidad en otros trastornos. Los efectos sobre alteraciones cognitivas presentan resultados inconsistentes.
Resumo:
This participatory action research was based on a experience of educational intervention on La Cruz and Bello Oriente (Manrique-Medellin), a marginal zone in the northeastern part of the Commune 3 in Medellin,. Colombia. In this marginal sector, psychosocial problems seem to be associated to limited educational and employment opportunities, domestic violence, illegal armed forces, sexual abuse, social discrimination, and lack of adequate public services, among others. All these are also considered as risk factors for drug dependency. We used a structured interview designed to identify leisure tendencies, use of free time, and tendencies in recreational activities. Data from the interview were triangulated with information collected by observation and in field work and used to build a psycho-pedagogic method based on play and leisure activities. The effects of the use of this educational intervention on the satisfaction of human needs were analyzed in light of the theory of Manfred Max-Neef. Results point out the need for new educational strategies aimed to promote creativity, solidarity, mental, physical and social health, more enthusiasm and motivation and in general, positive attitudes that help prevent drug dependence.
Resumo:
Este trabajo explica la realidad brasileña de las favelas, en particular las que se ubican en la ciudad de Rio de Janeiro. Así mismo, se pretende ubicar al lector en la favela Rocinha, y en uno de los principales problemas que enfrentan sus habitantes: la violencia infantil, o violencia contra los niños. La incapacidad del Estado para dar solución a este problema ha llevado a instituciones como UNICEF a crear alternativas para mitigarlo, por lo que es importante analizar esa nueva agenda, traducida en el primer ciclo del programa "Plataforma de Centros Urbanos". Se ha escogido el trabajo de campo como herramienta metodológica para dar cuenta de tal realidad, y para llegar a la conclusión de que un problema social puede, efectivamente, modificar la determinación de una agenda institucional.