Los usos políticos del lenguaje y el problema del discurso de género: caso la despenalización del aborto en Colombia

Este trabajo se centra en el análisis del discurso político y desde allí analiza la problemática que tiene el aborto en Colombia, con la intencionalidad de permitir a las mujeres decidir sobre su cuerpo sin que sean notablemente estigmatizadas y penalizadas por llevar a cabo una práctica que desde ciertos puntos de vista debe ser permitida para respetar los derechos de las mujeres. En ese sentido, la despenalización del aborto en Colombia se permite en tres casos específicos, por violación, peligro para la vida de la mujer o malformaciones en el feto; bajo estas premisas que han pasado por una evolución discursiva, que no sólo ha afectado a las mujeres, sino a la sociedad, ya que el problema se ha acrecentado y se ha convertido también, en un problema de salud pública. Es así, que desde autores como Bourdieu, Butler y Austin, se crean actos de palabra que desprenden el cuerpo de su lenguaje, crea fuerza en él y permiten acciones que aumenten el posicionamiento de las mujeres en la lucha reivindicatoria que les permita decidir qué hacer con su cuerpo.

Prevalencia de depresión y síntomas de ansiedad en mujeres adultas un mes posterior a un aborto inducido y espontáneo 2010 -2011

Introducción: El aborto espontáneo corresponde a la complicación más frecuente durante el embarazo, afectando entre el 12% al 24% de las gestaciones clínicamente identificables en Latinoamérica. Los abortos inducidos (legales o ilegales) suman al problema una importante cantidad de casos. El aborto representa un complejo evento biológico y psicológico con importantes repercusiones a nivel mental, principalmente de ansiedad y depresión. En Colombia no existen estudios que midan la prevalencia de estos síntomas en mujeres con pérdidas gestacionales. Objetivos: Determinar la prevalencia de síntomas depresivos y de ansiedad y factores asociados, en mujeres adultas atendidas por aborto inducido y espontáneo un mes posterior a su ocurrencia. . Resultados: El grupo de mujeres que cumplieron con los criterios de selección fueron 112. El promedio de edad fue de 30.4±6.1 años y estrato socioeconómico I (54.1%) y II (38.7%). La prevalencia de síntomas de depresión fue de 67.9% y de ansiedad de 12.5%. La prevalencia de síntomas depresivos disminuyó significativamente al aumentar el estrato, I (71.7%), II (67.4%) y III (16.7%), (p=0.035). La mediana de la edad del primer embarazo fue mayor significativamente en las mujeres con ansiedad (25 vs. 19, p=0.01). Cerca de mostrar diferencias entre antecedentes de aborto (p=0.084), menor número de años educativos aprobados (p=0.075) y mayor edad de la paciente con ansiedad (p=0.096). No hubo diferencias estadísticamente significativas entre los dos tipos de aborto en cuanto a síntomas depresivos o de ansiedad.

"Refined mapping of a quantitative trait locus on chromosome 1 responsible for mouse embryonic death"

Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is defined as the loss of three or more consecutive pregnancies during the first trimester of embryonic intrauterine development. This kind of human infertility is frequent among the general population since it affects 1 to 5% of women. In half of the cases the etiology remains unelucidated. In the present study, we used interspecific recombinant congenic mouse strains (IRCS) in the aim to identify genes responsible for embryonic lethality. Applying a cartographic approach using a genotype/phenotype association, we identified a minimal QTL region, of about 6 Mb on chromosome 1, responsible for a high rate of embryonic death (,30%). Genetic analysis suggests that the observed phenotype is linked to uterine dysfunction. Transcriptomic analysis of the uterine tissue revealed a preferential deregulation of genes of this region compared to the rest of the genome. Some genes from the QTL region are associated with VEGF signaling, mTOR signaling and ubiquitine/proteasome-protein degradation pathways. This work may contribute to elucidate the molecular basis of a multifactorial and complex human disorder as RSA.

Refined mapping of a quantitative trait locus on chromosome 1 responsible for mouse embryonic death

Recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) is defined as the loss of three or more consecutive pregnancies during the first trimester of embryonic intrauterine development. This kind of human infertility is frequent among the general population since it affects 1 to 5% of women. In half of the cases the etiology remains unelucidated. In the present study, we used interspecific recombinant congenic mouse strains (IRCS) in the aim to identify genes responsible for embryonic lethality. Applying a cartographic approach using a genotype/phenotype association, we identified a minimal QTL region, of about 6 Mb on chromosome 1, responsible for a high rate of embryonic death (similar to 30%). Genetic analysis suggests that the observed phenotype is linked to uterine dysfunction. Transcriptomic analysis of the uterine tissue revealed a preferential deregulation of genes of this region compared to the rest of the genome. Some genes from the QTL region are associated with VEGF signaling, mTOR signaling and ubiquitine/proteasome-protein degradation pathways. This work may contribute to elucidate the molecular basis of a multifactorial and complex human disorder as RSA.

Conscientious objection and ideological impositions: The Drift of The Mayflower

This article discusses the problematic and evading development of conscientiousobjection in the context of the Colombian constitutional jurisprudence. From a historical allusion to the famous case of the “Mayflower Pilgrims” –which serve as areference to the central problems that faces the objector–, it seeks to define the scopeof conscientious objection as a fundamental right (as a fundamental justice claim)in regard to the “factual” and “legal” possibilities for its exercise, for which there willbe a brief contrast between the most representative cases decided by the ColombianConstitutional Court in such matter. The core of the article is the idea that thereis an ideological prevalence that, unjustifiably, makes it difficult and in some casesdenies the exercise of the right to object in consciousness, particularly when it comes tothe right of life in regard to the abortion case.

On the design of education conditional cash transfer programs and non education outcomes: the case of teenage pregnancy

We investigate the effect of education Conditional Cash Transfer programs (CCTs) on teenage pregnancy. Our main concern is with how the size and sign of the effect may depend on the design of the program. Using a simple model we show that an education CCT that conditions renewal on school performance reduces teenage pregnancy; the program can increase teenage pregnancy if it does not condition on school performance. Then, using an original data base, we estimate the causal impact on teenage pregnancy of two education CCTs implemented in Bogot´a (Subsidio Educativo, SE, and Familias en Acci´on, FA); both programs differ particularly on whether school success is a condition for renewal or not. We show that SE has negative average effect on teenage pregnancy while FA has a null average effect. We also find that SE has either null or no effect for adolescents in all age and grade groups while FA has positive, null or negative effects for adolescents in different age and grade groups. Since SE conditions renewal on school success and FA does not, we can argue that the empirical results are consistent with the predictions of our model and that conditioning renewal of the subsidy on school success crucially determines the effect of the subsidy on teenage pregnancy