Autoria em casos de irresponsabilidade organizada: uma proposta de sistematização dos critérios do Tribunal Penal Internacional

Estabelecido em 2002, o Tribunal Penal Internacional foi a primeira corte perma-nente com competência para investigar e julgar crimes contra a humanidade. Emborarecente,a Cortejá tem uma jurisprudência considerável na qual tem fixado critérios para determinar autores e cúmplices. Avalia rcriticamente as escolhas de uma Corte depende primeiramente de uma visão geral de qua issão essas escolhas.Assim,o presente ensaio analisa e sistematiza , por meio de um diagrama de decisão ,os critérios fixados na jurisprudência do Tribunal Penal Internacional para sedeterminar autores e cúmplices.

Constitutional judges (guarantee of the Constitution and responsibility)

My aim in this paper is to propose a reflection on the position and the importance that the constitutional judge has in the legal systems of contemporary constitutionalism. The figure of the judge responsible of protecting the Constitution is a key institution, without which we cannot understand the laws of constitutional democracies, their current lines of development, and the guarantee of rights and freedoms that constitute the normative core of these systems. Moreover, the reflection on the exercise of the powers of the judge, its scope and its justification is an important part of contemporary legal discussion, still relevant, albeit not exclusively - in the field of legal philosophy. The object of attention of my reflection is the judge who has the power of judicial review, in a scheme of defense of the Constitution, regardless the specific ways of this defense.

Nongenetic inheritance, linguistic competence, prenatal experience and behavior manipulation: recent contributions from behavioral neurobiology and neuropsychology to the explanation of behavior

This article gives an overview of presuppositions and explanations posed by behaviorist psychology (particularly its radical branch), cognitive–nativist sciences (i.e. psycholinguistics and a branch of cognitive psychology) and other disciplines regarding important psychological events such as anxiety, stress, fear, mood states and language. In relation to the discussion of environment versus genetics, contributions from behavioral neurobiology and neuropsychology are added, showing evidence of traits that can be multigenerationally inherited in a non-genetic way, which have an impact thought the life of organisms and on their way of interacting with the environment; ways in which behavior can be altered by recently unsuspected environmental agents or events, and the overlooked role of prenatal experiences in the explanation of behavior. The evidence calls into question presuppositions made by the academic disciplines listed above, and suggests alternative behavior reinterpretations and explanations

O que a nomeação rápida nos diz sobre a dislexia?

Substantial evidence now show that dyslexic readers have problems with speeded naming of visual items. Early research assumed that this was a consequence of phonological processing deficits, but recent findings have suggested that non-phonological processes may lie at the root of the association between slow naming speed and poor reading. In a set of studies conducted with Portuguese children, the performance of dyslexic readers on serial rapid naming and phonological measures was investigated. The hypothesis that rapid naming reflects an independent core deficit in dyslexia is supported: (1) some dyslexics are characterized by naming difficulties but intact phonological skills; (2) the variance in rapid naming performance predicts uniquely the variance in children’s reading skills, independently from phonological skills; (3) rapid naming and phonological processing measures are not reliably correlated. The results also uncovered greater predictive power of rapid naming, and in particularly the inter-item pause time, for high-frequency word reding than for pseudoword reading in developmental dyslexia. Our work shows that a phonological component alone cannot account for the rapid naming performance in dyslexia. Rather, naming problems may emerge from the inefficiencies in visual-orthographic processing as well as in phonological processing.

La importancia de la evaluación por competencias en contextos clínicos dentro de la docencia universitaria en Salud

La evaluación por competencias (ExC) ha renovado la manera de determinar el desempeño clínico de los profesionales en Salud. Para tal efecto, el docente universitario requiere del dominio conceptual y metodológico de las distintas técnicas de evaluación formativa. Este artículo da cuenta de las principales técnicas de evaluación por competencias en escenarios clínicos, concibiéndola como una competencia fundamental para la docencia universitaria en Salud.

Perdurabilidad empresarial. Los hechos del sector servicios

El sector servicios, identificado como el de mayor dinámica competitiva en los mercados globalizados, en las actuales condiciones basa su acción en el conocimiento de su entorno en tanto que sus productos, en general, tienden a ser personalizados, o por lo menos, suponen una gama amplia de escogencia para los consumidores. En este sentido y dados los altos niveles de competencia, se precisa formular una estrategia evolutiva eficiente, a partirdel reconocimiento de la información del entorno. Estos hechos estilizados pretenden mostrar datos del entorno y algunas regularidades, las cuales serán modeladas en el resultado definitivo presentado en el artículo final de este trabajo de investigación.