4 resultados para Antibiotic consumption
em Universidad del Rosario, Colombia
Resumo:
Introducción: producir conocimiento sobre el consumo de antibióticos es importante para fomentar el uso racional de medicamentos y controlar el crecimiento de la resistencia bacteriana, sin afectar el tratamiento de infecciones, especialmente en adultos mayores. Metodología: estudio de Utilización de Medicamentos (antibióticos de uso controlado) en adultos mayores en una IPS en Bogotá, basado en registros de facturación y prescripción entre enero y julio de 2009. Resultados: la mediana de edad estuvo en 75 años; 48,6% eran mujeres; los registros del grupo de 7180 años mostraron una alta frecuencia de prescripción de antibióticos. De los 4624 registros de egresos, 426 tenían al menos una solicitud de prescripción de algún antibiótico de uso controlado. De las 676 solicitudes de prescripción de antibióticos de uso controlado, 27,7% correspondieron al principio activo Vancomicina. Se consumieron en total 5983 DDD de antibióticos de uso controlado; la densidad de consumo fue 18,63 DDD/100 camas-día y Meropenem el antibiótico de mayor consumo con 4,59 DDD/100 camas-día, correspondiente a 24,6% del total de DDD/100 camas-día. Los antibióticos controlados representaron US$361.062 del total facturado en medicamentos. Meropenem tiene el costo total más alto: US$136.313. El antibiótico con mayor costo por DDD fue Tigeciclina con US$27.346. Conclusiones: la frecuencia de prescripción de antibióticos de uso controlado fue 9,2% con mayor prescripción en el grupo de 71- 80 años. 59,2% de las solicitudes de prescripción correspondieron a un antibiótico. Vancomicina fue el antibiótico más prescrito. Se utilizaron 18,63 DDD/100 camas-día en total de antibióticos de uso controlado. Meropenem, Piperacilina/Tazobactam y Ertapenem representaron el 75% del costo total facturado de antibióticos de uso controlado. De los 16 antibióticos estudiados, seis fueron prescritos en mayor porcentaje en otras septicemias.
Resumo:
Descriptive Cross-sectional study involving 787 students from a private university in Bogota. Its objectives were to determine the alcohol consump- tion prevalence, alcoholism and risk of alcoholism and determine the current pattern of alcohol con- sumption. A survey –which included the CAgE index– was used to collect the data. A prevalence of alcoholism of 23%, and of risk of alcoholism of 15% were found. Results show that alcohol con- sumption in university students begins in high school and it is a problematic conduct that it is worth being enlarged and analyzed in greater detail including other variables and perfecting the diag- nosis of alcoholism and its risk in order to achieve early identification and intervention.
Resumo:
I look for classroom peer effects for psychoactive substance consumption among Colombian high school students and attempt to identify channels that rationalize for these effects. To do so, I use data for Colombian schools from 2011. I identify peer effects using household consumption behavior to instrument average classroom consumption. I find that an increase of 10% in the proportion of classroom users of alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine increases the probability of students to use alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine in 3.14%, 4.29%, and 2.38% respectively. I find no significant effect on cigarette smoking for the full sample but after exploring heterogeneous effects I find suggestive evidence that the effect is positive in some grades. I find some evidence that indicate that peer effects on alcohol, cannabis, and cocaine consumption operate through risk perception and easiness of access to psychoactive substances, meaning that the increase of likelihood of consumption could be explained because it is easier to access to drugs for students that interact with consumers or because a decrease in the risk students perceive of consuming these substances. Finally, through the use of a SUR and a 3SLS estimator I find strong correlations between smoking cigarettes and consuming cannabis (55 %), and cocaine (60 %).
Resumo:
In this chapter, an asymmetric DSGE model is built in order to account for asymmetries in business cycles. One of the most important contributions of this work is the construction of a general utility function which nests loss aversion, risk aversion and habits formation by means of a smooth transition function. The main idea behind this asymmetric utility function is that under recession the agents over-smooth consumption and leisure choices in order to prevent a huge deviation of them from the reference level of the utility; while under boom, the agents simply smooth consumption and leisure, but trying to be as far as possible from the reference level of utility. The simulations of this model by means of Perturbations Method show that it is possible to reproduce asymmetrical business cycles where recession (on shock) are stronger than booms and booms are more long-lasting than recession. One additional and unexpected result is a downward stickiness displayed by real wages. As a consequence of this, there is a more persistent fall in employment in recession than in boom. Thus, the model reproduces not only asymmetrical business cycles but also real stickiness and hysteresis.