Actions of resiliencia opposite to the housing policies in the city of Buenos Aires, Argentina: the social organizations, the institutions, and the massive evictions

The current housing problems in the city of Buenos Aires revolves around two phenomena, the precariousness and the evictions, in a context that is conceived like housing emergency. In response to this situation, some institutional organisms and certain social organizations with territorial roots in the south of the city, began to take forward actions of resilience opposing to the massive evictions, which take place as consequence of the real-estate pressure, and were concerning to the hotels, pensions, tenancies, and usurped houses of this zone of the city. It will be analyzed the actions of resilience displayed by them in their individual and collective dimensions and their relation to housing policies.

La influencia de los gremios del sector lácteo en la negociación del Acuerdo Comercial entre Colombia y la Unión Europea

Dado que los estudios sobre gremios, en líneas generales, han concluido que estos actores han influido poco en las decisiones de corte económico del Estado colombiano, se ha querido analizar en qué medida las agremiaciones que representan la cadena láctea influyeron en los resultados de la negociación del Acuerdo Comercial entre Colombia y la Unión Europea. Para abordar este desafío se adoptó el modelo de los lugares múltiples y cambio de recursos de Adam Sheingate, Frank Baumgartner y Brian Jones, el cual hace hincapié en las acciones de los grupos de interés en las instituciones donde se elaboran y deciden las políticas de Estado. También se adoptó el enfoque neopluralista por su énfasis en la influencia de los grupos de interés que cuentan con más recursos económicos y financieros. Por otra parte, se reconocen los factores que permitieron a los gremios del sector lácteo influir en este proceso; entre los que se encuentran: las instituciones y los agentes del Estado colombiano responsables de llevar a cabo esta negociación; las presiones de otros actores, como lo fueron la Unión Europea y otros gremios de la producción; y la división de los gremios del sector en la fase final de la negociación. Finalmente, se espera que el fruto de esta investigación aporte a los estudios de los gremios en el país dado el poco interés que ha despertado en las dos últimas décadas.

Armed conflict and paramilitary groups in Chiapas

The armed conflict in Chiapas began in 1994 after the armed uprising of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation (EZLN). Until now the Mexican government do not recognize the existence of an armed conflict there, for what they call inter-ethnic violence that happens in different municipalities in Chiapas. This study aims at demonstrating that, first, the Mexican state of Chiapas has an armed conflict since the mid-nineties, which has intensified and transformed over sixteen years. It is in this transformation that have emerged paramilitary groups seeking to destabilize the state, generating dynamics of appropriation and control of territory through different practices such as forced displacements, selective assassinations and terror spread within populations who are the targets of their attacks (mainly community support of the Zapatista Army of National Liberation). This work studied the "Peace and Justice" paramilitary group operating in different parts of the state of Chiapas, mainly in the Northern Zone. This case-study will look at the changes it has undergone Mexican democracy, which will be analyzed at two points: first, the failure of federal and Chiapas state to allow or endorse the creation of paramilitary groups and not to punish their actions; on the other, the consequences of the actions of such actors in democratic institutions, and democracy itself. Will seek to demonstrate that indeed both the permissiveness of the Mexican state and its complicity has weakened democracy in Mexico, since they are not able to manage conflict so that they do not degenerate into violence.

The Proliferation of Paramilitary Groups in Southern Mexico: State Strategy or Struggle between Local Political Elites?

This study traces the origins of Mexican paramilitary groups and argues that, contrary to what most of the literature on the subject implies, they do not represent a state strategy to thwart leftist groups seeking social change. Rather, they represent battles between groups of national and local-level elites with different visions of democracy and of what constitutes good governance. The polarization inherent in this type of conflict leads local actors to have to side with one faction of elites or the other. The presence of radical leftist groups in recently colonized indigenous areas with scant state presence gives rise to a process of radicalization among local elites. There are multiple factors that explain the emergence of paramilitary groups. Aside from the post Cold War international context, there were national factors like a shift in its focus away from security matters between 1989 and 1993, and presidential policies between 1968 and 1993, that planted the seeds of leftist radicalism in a context of id modernization