Bilateral trade between New Zealand & the pacific alliance: perspectives and possibilities for further trade engagement

Due to the rapid and effective success of countries in the Pacific Rim for the last two decades, current world trade attention has been focussed on what appears to be the common vision of the ‘Pacific Century’. Reducing attention from the Atlantic and focusing it on the Pacific represents a new challenge for countries touching this ocean. The main Latin American economies bordering the pacific have taken upon this challenge with the creation of the Pacific Alliance in 2011. In this way, Chile, Colombia, Mexico and Peru intend to penetrate and increase trade with the region by forming a coalition. The Pacific Alliance has attracted international attention, interest and support from nations around the world, counting 32 countries as observers; 7 are actually located in the region and six of them rank amongst the Top 15 world economies. As is expected, the possibility of closer trade engagement with big players such as China, India, Japan, South Korea or Australia absorb the main attention of media, governments and academics alike, leaving behind other feasible and possible opportunities unattended. That is precisely the case of New Zealand and its favourable commerce opportunities with the Pacific Alliance. The following document will study the major trends and variations in trade between New Zealand, the Pacific Alliance and its members between 2010 and 2014. Proving that mutual trade is most likely to keep on growing.

Salarios de eficiencia en un modelo de crecimiento económico

En este artÌculo se introducen los salarios de eÖciencia como microfundamento para explicar la existencia de desempleo involuntario permanente y la rigidez de los salarios a la baja. Los salarios de eÖciencia se incorporan en un modelo de crecimiento econÛmico de generaciones traslapadas, en el cual se puede alcanzar un equilibrio de largo plazo en el que existe desempleo involuntario permanente, explicado por la rigidez de los salarios.

Calidad de vida a nivel regional: ¿debemos reconocer las diferencias?

Los indicadores multivariados de Calidad de vida tienen la ventaja de ponderar cada una de las variables de acuerdo a la varianza de la población. En este documento se muestra la importancia de evaluar la calidad desde el punto de vista nacional y desde el punto de vista regional, por separado para evitar sesgos y juicios de valor erróneos en el momento de diseñar programas de política pública.

Productivity, demand and the home market effect

The causality between international trade and industrialization is still ambiguous. We consider a model of international trade with the Home Market Effect - with differences in income and productivity between sectors and between countries - in order to identify additional channels for determining the effects of international trade on industrialization. Introducing non-homothetic preferences and differences in productivity aids in the interpretation of any apparent paradoxes within international trade, such as the commercial relations between more populated countries like China and India and large economies such as the U.S. Population size, demand composition and productivity levels constitute the three main channels for determining the effects of international trade. Interactions among these channels define the results obtained in terms of industrialization, while welfare levels are always higher in relation to autarky.

Hacia una teoría de las organizaciones empresariales una mirada desde las ciencias de la complejidad y la biología

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo realizar los primeros acercamientos al management en términos de biología y la consideración de las organizaciones como sistemas vivos y complejos. Para ello, se realiza una revisión del desarrollo de la administración a través de su historia y luego se aborda la vida desde múltiples perspectivas principalmente la biológica, a nivel molecular, clásico y evolutivo. Se realiza una revisión de autores reconocidos en el tema de la vida y complejidad como Francisco Varela, Humberto Maturana, Ricard Solé, Brian Goodwin, Lynn Margulis, Kauffman, Darwin, Ilya Prigogine, Duncan Watts entre otros, para intentar acercarnos a una comprensión más clara desde diferentes disciplinas, principalmente la biología. Una vez se han hecho comprensiones sobre los fenómenos biológicos y complejos se realiza una comparación con las organizaciones y así observar si éstas pueden llegar a ser consideradas sistemas bióticos de acuerdo con las características que poseen y su similitud en procesos, elementos e interrelaciones desde la biología.

REGIONES EN CUNDINAMARCA Y LA CALIDAD DE LA VIDA.

Orthodox economic models are good if one accepts the ceteris paribus. But this is possible if we accept that cultures are uniform, exogenous to the economic and  the consumer has features such as equality of rational structure, among others. Similarly it is assumed mobility and economic geography optimizations when it comes to internal demographic flows and  the migration as international movements, and generally any expression of human activity. Time is needed to take each event as "almost one-off", even though some aspects have similarities that prevent theoretically start from scratch in each analysis presented.What determines what is different? On the one hand, the historical basis assumed from the  reasons of social construction of market, the reasons of social construction since ancient thought and the reasons for government social construction. Furthermore, the decisions, from the historical basis, are made by agents and contributions of the agencies, at their level, degree and intensity, to iterate it consolidate or change the social interactions and / or institutions established as and  in accordance with rules, routines and habits. This is why it is interesting to develop the "neighborhood effects" to help understand the social mobility of the Department of Cundinamarca. This in order to contribute to resolving the question about why the mobility of people and what effect between territoriality and another and to itself?.

Industrialization and industrial policy in Colombia: a tale of economic development

This paper analyzes the main features and historical factors that played a central role for the industrialization process in Colombia during the twentieth century. The document surveys the legislation and policy instruments used in the programs of import substitution industrialization, nontraditional export promotion, and economic openness