154 resultados para Dinámicas


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Violencia y seguridad ciudadana: algunas reflexiones, es una obra de divulgación científica que hace parte de la Colección Frontera, una línea editorial en la que convergen los esfuerzos de la Facultad Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, (Flacso-Ecuador), y el Centro Internacional de Investigaciones para el Desarrollo, (IDRC-CRDI) por trascender la mirada nacionalista que ha recaído sobre las fronteras y rescatar las dinámicas y demandas locales que han sido ignoradas tanto en la producción de conocimiento como en la formulación e implementación de políticas públicas de seguridad ciudadana. El libro constituye un estado del arte sobre el concepto de seguridad ciudadana en Ecuador y su articulación con el diseño de políticas públicas en esta materia.

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El texto sintetiza los resultados de un estudio exploratorio realizado con inmigrantes colombianos en la provincia de Québec, Canadá, a finales de 2006. A manera de tríada teórico-empírica, se analiza y descubre la experiencia migratoria desde la identidad, el territorio y la acción colectiva, a partir de las narraciones de experiencias personales. Con motivaciones y grados de voluntariedad diversos, parece haber una perspectiva optimista de los inmigrantes colombianos con respecto a la reconfiguración de los proyectos individuales y familiares. Mientras mantienen el empeño por conseguir un futuro mejor, los dolores, temores y desconfianzas también sobrepasan las fronteras y viajan en sus memorias. Resignificar tales remembranzas y leerlas en el nuevo contexto canadiense es un reto presente que pasa por las dinámicas individuales y colectivas. En medio de añoranzas de los lugares propios pero distantes y de la proyección de futuros en territorios próximos aún ajenos, se configuran vínculos transnacionales que caracterizan el escenario mundial en el siglo XXI.

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Gender stereotypes are sets of characteristics that people believe to be typically true of a man or woman. We report an agent-based model (ABM) that simulates how stereotypes disseminate in a group through associative mechanisms. The model consists of agents that carry one of several different versions of a stereotype, which share part of their conceptual content. When an agent acts according to his/her stereotype, and that stereotype is shared by an observer, then the latter’s stereotype strengthens. Contrarily, if the agent does not act according to his/ her stereotype, then the observer’s stereotype weakens. In successive interactions, agents develop preferences, such that there will be a higher probability of interaction with agents that confirm their stereotypes. Depending on the proportion of shared conceptual content in the stereotype’s different versions, three dynamics emerge: all stereotypes in the population strengthen, all weaken, or a bifurcation occurs, i.e., some strengthen and some weaken. Additionally, we discuss the use of agent-based modeling to study social phenomena and the practical consequences that the model’s results might have on stereotype research and their effects on a community

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Ecological validity of static and intense facial expressions in emotional recognition has been questioned. Recent studies have recommended the use of facial stimuli more compatible to the natural conditions of social interaction, which involves motion and variations in emotional intensity. In this study, we compared the recognition of static and dynamic facial expressions of happiness, fear, anger and sadness, presented in four emotional intensities (25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 %). Twenty volunteers (9 women and 11 men), aged between 19 and 31 years, took part in the study. The experiment consisted of two sessions in which participants had to identify the emotion of static (photographs) and dynamic (videos) displays of facial expressions on the computer screen. The mean accuracy was submitted to an Anova for repeated measures of model: 2 sexes x [2 conditions x 4 expressions x 4 intensities]. We observed an advantage for the recognition of dynamic expressions of happiness and fear compared to the static stimuli (p < .05). Analysis of interactions showed that expressions with intensity of 25 % were better recognized in the dynamic condition (p < .05). The addition of motion contributes to improve recognition especially in male participants (p < .05). We concluded that the effect of the motion varies as a function of the type of emotion, intensity of the expression and sex of the participant. These results support the hypothesis that dynamic stimuli have more ecological validity and are more appropriate to the research with emotions.