Les tècniques científiques integrades del grau de ciencies ambientals: una experiència de pràctiques basades en un disseny per competències

En el marc del nou disseny dels plans d’estudis del primer curs dels graus de la Facultat de Ciències de la UdG, el curs 2009/10 es varen començar a impartir unes assignatures sota el nom de Tècniques Científiques Integrades (TCI). Les TCI’s suposen una transformació absoluta del model de pràctiques que es desenvolupaven a les antigues llicenciatures. La nova organització ha eliminat les pràctiques de laboratori i camp clàssiques realitzades dins de les assignatures de primer per substituir-les per unes activitats integradores lligades a les competències.

Creació d'un banc de preguntes, mitjançant la plataforme moodle, per a l'ús de qüestionaris en la docència d'ecologia

Durant el curs 2010/11, la Universitat de Girona va implantar la plataforma virtual interactiva Moodle, adaptada a la formació i emprada pel professorat com a suport a la tasca docent. Aquesta plataforma ofereix la possibilitat de crear nous recursos, alguns dels quals enfocats a l’avaluació de l’aprenentatge. Un d’aquests recursos és el mòdul que permet dissenyar i aplicar qüestionaris. Aquests poden incorporar una àmplia varietat de tipus de preguntes (opció múltiple, vertader/fals, respostes curtes...). Les preguntes s’organitzen per categories a un banc de preguntes que poden ser utilitzats en un mateix curs o a d’altres cursos. El resultat del qüestionari (respostes de l’alumne que l’ha realitzat) és enregistrat per la plataforma i pot oferir la qualificació automàticament. Aquest punt pot representar un avantatge important com a element facilitador de la tasca docent, especialment en aquells cursos amb un nombre molt elevat d’estudiants (grups grans).

Is Microtox R toxicity related to potentially harmful algae proliferation in Mediterranean salt marshes?

Mediterranean salt marshes are ecosystems that are highly influenced by sea changes and freshwater inputs from runoff. In these ecosystems, toxic and non-toxic algae blooms often produce large and unpredictable biomasses of phytoplankton. The Microtox R test has been described as a successful, quick method for detecting toxicity in various phytoplankton taxa. Ourstudy sought to test the efficiency of Microtox R in detecting toxic HAB in Mediterranean salt marshes. The results showed that the Microtox R test was able to detect toxic substances in the particulate matter of several lagoons in the Empordà salt marshes. This Microtox R toxicity coincided with periods when potentially harmful cyanobacteria, dinoflagellates and haptophytes had a high biomass. The results suggest that potentially harmful phytoplankton cannot be ruled out as a source of Microtox R

Factors influencing zooplankton size structure at contrasting temperatures in coastal shallow lakes: Implications for effects of climate change

We assessed the importance of temperature, salinity, and predation for the size structure of zooplankton and provided insight into the future ecological structure and function of shallow lakes in a warmer climate. Artificial plants were introduced in eight comparable coastal shallow brackish lakes located at two contrasting temperatures: cold-temperate and Mediterranean climate region. Zooplankton, fish, and macroinvertebrates were sampled within the plants and at open-water habitats. The fish communities of these brackish lakes were characterized by small-sized individuals, highly associated with submerged plants. Overall, higher densities of small planktivorous fish were recorded in the Mediterranean compared to the cold-temperate region, likely reflecting temperature-related differences as have been observed in freshwater lakes. Our results suggest that fish predation is the major control of zooplankton size structure in brackish lakes, since fish density was related to a decrease in mean body size and density of zooplankton and this was reflected in a unimodal shaped biomass-size spectrum with dominance of small sizes and low size diversity. Salinity might play a more indirect role by shaping zooplankton communities toward more salt-tolerant species. In a global-warming perspective, these results suggest that changes in the trophic structure of shallow lakes in temperate regions might be expected as a result of the warmer temperatures and the potentially associated increases in salinity. The decrease in the density of largebodied zooplankton might reduce the grazing on phytoplankton and thus the chances of maintaining the clear water state in these ecosystems