Preguntas de los estudiantes sobre dispositivos científicos = Students’ questions about scientific devices

¿Cuáles son, en realidad, las ventajas de los dispositivos científicos usados en laboratorios escolares y en museos de ciencia interactivos, para el aprendizaje de las ciencias en los estudiantes? Un aprendizaje eficaz de las ciencias requiere comprensión. La generación de preguntas para obtener información es uno de los procesos que indican la intención de los estudiantes de comprender una determinada información. Además, la construcción de nuevo conocimiento científico comienza con una buena pregunta. Por tanto, estimular la generación de preguntas destinadas a obtener información (ISQ) podría ser un elemento que mejorara el aprendizaje profundo de las ciencias escolares

Development of a decision support system for the integrated control of membrane bioreactors

The work presented in this PhD thesis includes various partial studies aimed at developing a decision support system for membrane bioreactor integrated control. The decision support systems (DSS) have as a main goal to facilitate the operation of complex processes due to the multiple variables that are processed. For this reason, the research used has focused on aspects related to nutrient removal, and on the development of indicators or sensors capable of facilitating, automating and controlling the filtration process in an integrated way with the biological processes that taking place. Work has also been done on the design, development, implementation and validation of tools based on the knowledge made available by the automatic control and the supervision of the MBRs

Development of an air-scour control system for membrane bioreactors

The thesis involves the development and implementation of a new and robust control system based on permeability trends but at the same time capable of reducing aeration proportionally to permeate flux. Permeability was made a key parameter for directly comparing temporary changes in membrane performance. Transmembrane pressure and flux were gathered every 10 seconds and permeability values were automatically calculated; different mathematical algorithms were applied for the signal filtering of on-line data. Short term and long term permeability trends were compared once a day, and a control action was applied proportionally to the short term/long term permeability ratio without exceeding the aeration flow recommended by the membrane suppliers.