4 resultados para Política ambiental-México-Participación ciudadana

em Universitat de Girona, Spain


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La participación pública constituye un pilar fundamental de nuestra sociedad y se integra dentro de las fases de elaboración de planes de ordenación del territorio y en la planificación hidrológica. Las Administraciones Públicas tienen el reto de aprovechar las nuevas posibilidades de comunicación para mejorar su gestión y hacer efectivo el derecho de la ciudadanía al acceso a la información y la toma de decisiones, por ejemplo, en materia de medio ambiente como recoge la Ley 27/2006 entre otras normativas. Para que esta participación sea satisfactoria, se requiere de la implantación de mecanismos de creación colaborativa y transmisión de conocimiento relativo al territorio. Es aquí donde las dinámicas de las comunidades de software libre (FLOSS) y contenidos abiertos han demostrado ser tremendamente efectivas y parecen de gran interés para los gobiernos como complemento a los servicios de las IDE. La Xunta de Galicia es consciente del gran potencial de la ciudadanía para aportar datos que mejoren los planes y actuaciones sobre el territorio. Por ello, dentro de los planes de creación del SIG Corporativo de Galicia se contemplan componentes geomáticos libres que mejoren los procesos de participación. En este artículo se presentará la plataforma con soporte espacial del “Proxecto Ríos” creada en 2011 desde la Xunta que facilita la coordinación de más de 200 grupos de voluntarios que recogen datos de los ríos gallegos de forma colaborativa. Esta herramienta hace uso de proyectos como OpenLayers, GeoExt y PostGIS. Siguiendo las líneas de acción FLOSS definidas por la Secretaría General de Modernización e Innovación Tecnológica de la Xunta de Galicia se tiene previsto liberar estos desarrollos para su uso en el resto de la Red de Proyectos Ríos de la península y contribuir a la forja de software libre del gobierno gallego

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In the second half of the twentieth century we saw the environmental debate escalate into one of the most challenging and complex issues that authorities at international, national, regional and municipal levels have to deal with. The inherent complexity of environmental problems, which brings out the interconnections between the economic, socio-cultural and ecological dimensions of the territory, is increased by the social, scientific and political focuses of the debate, and their interdependencies. In the framework of governance, scientific and technical assessments are a relevant but not “unique” source for legitimating environmental policymaking. The discussion is opened towards the consideration of different existing perspectives on the environment. The main objective of the present study is to systematize and explore in-depth the perspectives brought by feminism and gender to environmental governance. What is the specificity of a feminist and gender outlook? In what sense does it bring new light to environmental governance processes? Such questions are explored empirically and theoretically.

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La sequera de la qual tothom parla i que només uns pocs tot just pateixen esdevé un magnífic exemple de problema que requereix la formulació d’una política ambiental urgent davant d’una situació d’extrema complexitat

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Dynamic optimization methods have become increasingly important over the last years in economics. Within the dynamic optimization techniques employed, optimal control has emerged as the most powerful tool for the theoretical economic analysis. However, there is the need to advance further and take account that many dynamic economic processes are, in addition, dependent on some other parameter different than time. One can think of relaxing the assumption of a representative (homogeneous) agent in macro- and micro-economic applications allowing for heterogeneity among the agents. For instance, the optimal adaptation and diffusion of a new technology over time, may depend on the age of the person that adopted the new technology. Therefore, the economic models must take account of heterogeneity conditions within the dynamic framework. This thesis intends to accomplish two goals. The first goal is to analyze and revise existing environmental policies that focus on defining the optimal management of natural resources over time, by taking account of the heterogeneity of environmental conditions. Thus, the thesis makes a policy orientated contribution in the field of environmental policy by defining the necessary changes to transform an environmental policy based on the assumption of homogeneity into an environmental policy which takes account of heterogeneity. As a result the newly defined environmental policy will be more efficient and likely also politically more acceptable since it is tailored more specifically to the heterogeneous environmental conditions. Additionally to its policy orientated contribution, this thesis aims making a methodological contribution by applying a new optimization technique for solving problems where the control variables depend on two or more arguments --- the so-called two-stage solution approach ---, and by applying a numerical method --- the Escalator Boxcar Train Method --- for solving distributed optimal control problems, i.e., problems where the state variables, in addition to the control variables, depend on two or more arguments. Chapter 2 presents a theoretical framework to determine optimal resource allocation over time for the production of a good by heterogeneous producers, who generate a stock externalit and derives government policies to modify the behavior of competitive producers in order to achieve optimality. Chapter 3 illustrates the method in a more specific context, and integrates the aspects of quality and time, presenting a theoretical model that allows to determine the socially optimal outcome over time and space for the problem of waterlogging in irrigated agricultural production. Chapter 4 of this thesis concentrates on forestry resources and analyses the optimal selective-logging regime of a size-distributed forest.