A qualitative analysis of immigrant population health practices in the Girona Healthcare Region

The research we present here forms part of a two-phase project - one quantitative and the other qualitative - assessing the use of primary health care services. This paper presents the qualitative phase of said research, which is aimed at ascertaining the needs, beliefs, barriers to access and health practices of the immigrant population in comparison with the native population, as well as the perceptions of healthcare professionals. Moroccan and sub-Saharan were the immigrants to who the qualitative phase was specifically addressed. The aims of this paper are as follows: to analyse any possible implications of family organisation in the health practices of the immigrant population; to ascertain social practices relating to illness; to understand the significances of sexual and reproductive health practices; and to ascertain the ideas and perceptions of immigrants, local people and professionals regarding health and the health system. Methods: qualitative research based on discursive analysis. Data gathering techniques consisted of discussion groups with health system users and semi-structured individual interviews with healthcare professionals. The sample was taken from the Basic Healthcare Areas of Salt and Banyoles (belonging to the Girona Healthcare Region), the discussion groups being comprised of (a) 6 immigrant Moroccan women, (b) 7 immigrant sub-Saharan African women and (c) 6 immigrant and native population men (2 native men, 2 Moroccan men and 2 sub-Saharan men); and the semi-structured interviews being conducted with the following healthcare professionals: (a) 3 gynaecologists, (b) 3 nurses and 1 administrative staff. Results: use of the healthcare system is linked to the perception of not being well, knowledge of the healthcare system, length of time resident in Spain and interiorization of traditional Western medicine as a cure mechanism. The divergences found among the groups of immigrants, local people and healthcare professionals with regard to healthcare education, use of the healthcare service, sexual and reproductive healthcare and reticence with regard to being attended by healthcare personnel of the opposite sex demonstrate a need to work with the immigrant population as a heterogeneous group. Conclusions: the results we have obtained support the idea that feeling unwell is a psycho-social process, as it takes place within a specific socio-cultural situation and spans a range of beliefs, perceptions and ideas regarding symptomology and how to treat it

Un estudi de casos sobre l'avaluació del resultat de l'aprenentatge a l'E.S.O.: una base per a la reflexió i la formació del professorat

This study is built up on the need to enhance the thinking over the decisions taken and the performances carried out by teachers and students in secondary education with regard to the evaluation of the learning result. The problem lies in that the information and - or - the results gathered from the evaluation practices do not always entail a serious consideration of these data. Hence the lack of a systematic modification of the educational practices. In this study a range of self-questioning tools are proposed in order to enhance ¡the teachers and students' ability to think about this topic as well as their ability to evaluate themselves. The proceeding has been the following: a) the issues that generate conflict have been identified according to the dimensions and categories of this research; b) a model to build the tools has been elaborated; c) finally, questions have been constructed for each one of the conflicts previously specified. This has been done bearing in mind the theoretical framework that has been chosen to carry out this research. The mechanism that is proposed here is formed by five tools for the teachers and one for the students. Each tool consists of a) the definition of the problem; b) the goal of the tool, and c) the three levels of consideration. In the first level, general questions are put forward in order to be discussed either individually or in a group. The goal of this activity is to gain consciousness of the key issues in order to solve the problems. In the second level, a more structured guide is proposed. Its goal is to direct the practice of the reflection of the issues that generate a conflict. Finally, in the third level, a method is proposed to increase the reflection and the viewpoints of this reflection, like written documents, web pages, specific references, experiences, and opinions about the topic.