An fMRI Study of Emotional engagement in decicion-making

It has been suggested that decision making depends on sensitive feelings associated with cognitive processing rather than cognitive processing alone. From human lesions, we know the medial anterior inferior-ventral prefrontal cortex processes the sensitivity associated with cognitive processing, it being essentially responsible for decision making. In this fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Image) study 15 subjects were analyzed using moral dilemmas as probes to investigate the neural basis for painful-emotional sensitivity associated with decision making. We found that a network comprising the posterior and anterior cingulate and the medial anterior prefrontal cortex was significantly and specifically activated by painful moral dilemmas, but not by non-painful dilemmas. These findings provide new evidence that the cingulate and medial anterior prefrontal are involved in processing painful emotional sensibility, in particular, when decision making takes place. We speculate that decision making has a cognitive component processed by cognitive brain areas and a sensitivity component processed by emotional brain areas. The structures activated suggest that decision making depends on painful emotional feeling processing rather than cognitive processing when painful feeling processing happens

Availability analysis of GMPLS connections based on physical network topology

This paper presents a study of connection availability in GMPLS over optical transport networks (OTN) taking into account different network topologies. Two basic path protection schemes are considered and compared with the no protection case. The selected topologies are heterogeneous in geographic coverage, network diameter, link lengths, and average node degree. Connection availability is also computed considering the reliability data of physical components and a well-known network availability model. Results show several correspondences between suitable path protection algorithms and several network topology characteristics

Embedding Emotional Context in Recommender Systems

Emotions are crucial for user's decision making in recommendation processes. We first introduce ambient recommender systems, which arise from the analysis of new trends on the exploitation of the emotional context in the next generation of recommender systems. We then explain some results of these new trends in real-world applications through the smart prediction assistant (SPA) platform in an intelligent learning guide with more than three million users. While most approaches to recommending have focused on algorithm performance. SPA makes recommendations to users on the basis of emotional information acquired in an incremental way. This article provides a cross-disciplinary perspective to achieve this goal in such recommender systems through a SPA platform. The methodology applied in SPA is the result of a bunch of technology transfer projects for large real-world rccommender systems

Availability and use of organic matter in stream ecosystems: the role of biofilms

La comunitat bentònica dels ecosistemes fluvials processa una gran quantitat de la matèria orgànica que arriba als rius. L'origen de les entrades de material (autòctones o al·lòctones), la seva composició química i la seva quantitat (freqüència de les entrades i concentració assolida en el riu), determinen l'estructura de la comunitat bentònica autotròfica i heterotròfica, les seves relacions tròfiques i les seves interaccions potencials (competència, sinergisme). L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi és posar de manifest la utilització de la matèria orgànica dissolta (MOD) per part dels biofilms bacterians bentònics fluvials i determinar l'eficiència del sistema fluvial en l'ús dels diferents materials que hi circulen. Amb aquesta finalitat s'han portat a terme diversos experiments, tant de camp com de laboratori, per tal de conèixer els efectes de la disponibilitat de la matèria orgànica (quantitat) i la seva qualitat (composició química i biodegradabilitat) i els efectes deguts a l'augment de temperatura de l'aigua del riu.