Multilevel multitrait-multimethod model: application to the measurement of egocentered social networks

Our goal in this paper is to assess reliability and validity of egocentered network data using multilevel analysis (Muthen, 1989, Hox, 1993) under the multitrait-multimethod approach. The confirmatory factor analysis model for multitrait-multimethod data (Werts & Linn, 1970; Andrews, 1984) is used for our analyses. In this study we reanalyse a part of data of another study (Kogovšek et al., 2002) done on a representative sample of the inhabitants of Ljubljana. The traits used in our article are the name interpreters. We consider egocentered network data as hierarchical; therefore a multilevel analysis is required. We use Muthen's partial maximum likelihood approach, called pseudobalanced solution (Muthen, 1989, 1990, 1994) which produces estimations close to maximum likelihood for large ego sample sizes (Hox & Mass, 2001). Several analyses will be done in order to compare this multilevel analysis to classic methods of analysis such as the ones made in Kogovšek et al. (2002), who analysed the data only at group (ego) level considering averages of all alters within the ego. We show that some of the results obtained by classic methods are biased and that multilevel analysis provides more detailed information that much enriches the interpretation of reliability and validity of hierarchical data. Within and between-ego reliabilities and validities and other related quality measures are defined, computed and interpreted

A system to evaluate the accuracy of a visual mosaicking methodology

When underwater vehicles navigate close to the ocean floor, computer vision techniques can be applied to obtain motion estimates. A complete system to create visual mosaics of the seabed is described in this paper. Unfortunately, the accuracy of the constructed mosaic is difficult to evaluate. The use of a laboratory setup to obtain an accurate error measurement is proposed. The system consists on a robot arm carrying a downward looking camera. A pattern formed by a white background and a matrix of black dots uniformly distributed along the surveyed scene is used to find the exact image registration parameters. When the robot executes a trajectory (simulating the motion of a submersible), an image sequence is acquired by the camera. The estimated motion computed from the encoders of the robot is refined by detecting, to subpixel accuracy, the black dots of the image sequence, and computing the 2D projective transform which relates two consecutive images. The pattern is then substituted by a poster of the sea floor and the trajectory is executed again, acquiring the image sequence used to test the accuracy of the mosaicking system

Automatic generation of active coordinates for quantum dynamics calculations: application to the dynamics of benzene photochemistry

A new practical method to generate a subspace of active coordinates for quantum dynamics calculations is presented. These reduced coordinates are obtained as the normal modes of an analytical quadratic representation of the energy difference between excited and ground states within the complete active space self-consistent field method. At the Franck-Condon point, the largest negative eigenvalues of this Hessian correspond to the photoactive modes: those that reduce the energy difference and lead to the conical intersection; eigenvalues close to 0 correspond to bath modes, while modes with large positive eigenvalues are photoinactive vibrations, which increase the energy difference. The efficacy of quantum dynamics run in the subspace of the photoactive modes is illustrated with the photochemistry of benzene, where theoretical simulations are designed to assist optimal control experiments

El cinema com a recurs i matèria d'estudi: l'experiència de Drac Màgic

La tesi titulada "El cinema com a recurs i matèria d'estudi: l'experiència de Drac Màgic", consta de quatre parts clarament diferenciades, però complementàries entre si, que responen a la voluntat d'orientar la introducció del cinema en l'àmbit de l'educació. L'objectiu fonamental de la primera part de la tesi és el de crear un marc teòric en el que conflueixin les recerques i les opinions de diversos autors, provinents del camp de la comunicació o bé especialistes en l'àmbit de l'educació, que s'han interrogat, des de la seva particular parcel·la d'estudi, sobre aspectes relacionats amb la presència dels mitjans de comunicació, en general, o bé sobre la incidència del cinema, en particular, en la nostra societat i en les persones. Les qüestions més bàsiques que constitueixen, segons el meu parer, els principals dubtes que ha de dissipar un educador que està interessat en la possibilitat d'introduir el cinema en la seva pràctica educativa i que són les següents: què és el cinema, per què introduir el cinema, quin cinema introduir i com introduir el cinema. La segona part de la tesi està dedicada íntegrament a l'estudi de l'experiència d'una cooperativa de Barcelona, anomenada Drac Màgic, que des de fa vint-i-cinc anys treballa en l'aplicació del cinema en l'àmbit de l'educació formal i en la formació permanent del professorat. L'anàlisi d'aquesta proposta, ens permet concretar amb un exemple pràctic, que és molt proper a la nostra realitat immediata, es aspectes teòrics que hem presentat en la primera part de la tesi. Per altra banda, l'estudi d'aquesta experiència pretén ser un punt de referència a l'hora de realitzar la proposta pràctica d'integració del cinema en els plantejaments educatius, que realitzem a la quarta part de la tesi. En la tercera part de la tesi, hem investigat en el marc legal que configura les possibilitat i els límits que se'ls hi plantegen als professors que estan interessats en introduir els mitjans de comunicació, en general, i el cinema, en particular, en les seves pràctiques educatives. Així, doncs, per conèixer el nivell de compromís que les institucions públiques adopten per potenciar la introducció dels mitjans de comunicació en general, i del cinema, en particular, a les escoles, hem investigat en el marc legal que regula actualment el funcionament dels centres escolars i que es coneix amb el nom de Reforma educativa i també hem volgut conèixer els principals objectius i les activitats que desenvolupen dues iniciatives institucionals El Programa de Noves Tecnologies de la Informació i de la Comunicació del Ministeri d'Educació i Ciència espanyol i el Programa de Mitjans Audiovisuals del Departament d'Ensenyament de la Generalitat de Catalunya. En la quarta part de la tesi, hem dissenyat una proposta pràctica per introduir el cinema a les escoles del nostres país, que s'ha concretat en l'elaboració d'un crèdit variable sobre cinema destinat als alumnes que cursen l'Educació Secundària Obligatòria.

A proposal to estimate the motion of an underwater vehicle through visual mosaicking

This thesis proposes a solution to the problem of estimating the motion of an Unmanned Underwater Vehicle (UUV). Our approach is based on the integration of the incremental measurements which are provided by a vision system. When the vehicle is close to the underwater terrain, it constructs a visual map (so called "mosaic") of the area where the mission takes place while, at the same time, it localizes itself on this map, following the Concurrent Mapping and Localization strategy. The proposed methodology to achieve this goal is based on a feature-based mosaicking algorithm. A down-looking camera is attached to the underwater vehicle. As the vehicle moves, a sequence of images of the sea-floor is acquired by the camera. For every image of the sequence, a set of characteristic features is detected by means of a corner detector. Then, their correspondences are found in the next image of the sequence. Solving the correspondence problem in an accurate and reliable way is a difficult task in computer vision. We consider different alternatives to solve this problem by introducing a detailed analysis of the textural characteristics of the image. This is done in two phases: first comparing different texture operators individually, and next selecting those that best characterize the point/matching pair and using them together to obtain a more robust characterization. Various alternatives are also studied to merge the information provided by the individual texture operators. Finally, the best approach in terms of robustness and efficiency is proposed. After the correspondences have been solved, for every pair of consecutive images we obtain a list of image features in the first image and their matchings in the next frame. Our aim is now to recover the apparent motion of the camera from these features. Although an accurate texture analysis is devoted to the matching pro-cedure, some false matches (known as outliers) could still appear among the right correspon-dences. For this reason, a robust estimation technique is used to estimate the planar transformation (homography) which explains the dominant motion of the image. Next, this homography is used to warp the processed image to the common mosaic frame, constructing a composite image formed by every frame of the sequence. With the aim of estimating the position of the vehicle as the mosaic is being constructed, the 3D motion of the vehicle can be computed from the measurements obtained by a sonar altimeter and the incremental motion computed from the homography. Unfortunately, as the mosaic increases in size, image local alignment errors increase the inaccuracies associated to the position of the vehicle. Occasionally, the trajectory described by the vehicle may cross over itself. In this situation new information is available, and the system can readjust the position estimates. Our proposal consists not only in localizing the vehicle, but also in readjusting the trajectory described by the vehicle when crossover information is obtained. This is achieved by implementing an Augmented State Kalman Filter (ASKF). Kalman filtering appears as an adequate framework to deal with position estimates and their associated covariances. Finally, some experimental results are shown. A laboratory setup has been used to analyze and evaluate the accuracy of the mosaicking system. This setup enables a quantitative measurement of the accumulated errors of the mosaics created in the lab. Then, the results obtained from real sea trials using the URIS underwater vehicle are shown.