Politische Satire im Unterricht am Beispiel der Simpsons

Kann es gelingen, anhand der Simpsons Satire im Politikunterricht zu vermitteln? Auf den ersten Blick scheinen die Simpsons eine bloße Zeichentrickserie zu sein, doch bei genauerem Hinsehen wird deutlich, dass die Serie einen Fundus an Satire und Parodie enthält, der im Unterricht behandelt werden kann. Die Simpsons sind politisch - nicht nur wegen einzelner Gastauftritte ehemaliger US-amerikanischer Präsidenten sondern auch wegen ihrer Vielzahl an satirischen Äußerungen und Anspielungen gegen die US-amerikanische Gesellschaft und deren Politik. Aufgabe dieser Arbeit soll es sein, zu untersuchen, inwieweit sich die Simpsons als Unterrichtsgegenstand eignen. Dabei soll ein erster Blick auf den Beliebtheitsgrad der Serie fallen. Es werden Gründe gesucht, warum die Serie bei Jugendlichen so erfolgreich ist und inwieweit sie sowohl junge Menschen als auch Erwachsene beeinflusst. Im Weiteren wird zum umfassenden Verständnis ein Überblick über die Serie und eine Vorstellung der Hauptcharaktere gegeben. In diesem Zusammenhang scheint auch der Bezug der Charaktere zur Gesellschaft einen wichtigen Stellenwert einzunehmen. Nachfolgend sollen politische Themen aufgezeigt werden, um zu untersuchen, ob eine Behandlung der Themen im Unterricht möglich ist. Dabei spielt auch die Satire eine wichtige Rolle. Unter Punkt 2.5 wird Satire in den Fokus gestellt. Dabei geht es neben Definitionen auch um die Frage, ob die Serie mit ihrer beinhaltenden Satire als Medium die politische Bildung beeinflusst. In einem letzten großen Schritt geht es um die Umsetzung der politisch, satirischen Themen in den Simpsons. Es soll praktisch gezeigt werden, dass es möglich ist, die Serie im Unterricht zu verwenden. Hierbei spielen sowohl Lernziele und Kompetenzen der SchülerInnen eine Rolle als auch methodische Überlegungen und Entscheidungen. Für die Behandlung der Satire in den Simpsons werden zwei Unterrichtsstunden entwickelt, wovon eine im Unterricht durchgeführt und beurteilt wurde.

Political Education in Plural Societies: Using the Anti-Bias Approach to Challenge Oppression in Bombay and Berlin

This study addresses the effectivity of the Anti-Bias approach and training methodology as a pedagogical political strategy to challenge oppression among student groups in the cities of Bombay and Berlin. The Anti-Bias trainings conducted within the framework of this study also become the medium through which the perpetuation of oppressive structures by students within and outside the school is investigated. Empirical data from predominantly qualitative investigations in four secondary schools, two each in Bombay and Berlin, is studied and analysed on the basis of theoretical understandings of prejudice, discrimination and identity. This study builds on insights offered by previous research on prejudices and evaluations of anti-bias and diversity interventions, where the lack of sufficient research and thorough evaluations testing impact has been identified (Levy Paluck, 2006). The theoretical framework suggests that prejudices and discriminatory practices are learnt and performed by individuals over the years by way of pre-existing discourses, and that behaviour and practices can be unlearnt through a multi-step process. It proposes that the discursive practices of students contribute to the constitution of their viable selves and in the constitution of ‘others’. Drawing on this framework, the study demonstrates how student-subjects in Bombay and Berlin perpetuate oppressive discourses by performing their identities and performing identities onto ‘others’. Such performative constitution opens up the agency of the individual, disclosing the shifting and dynamic nature of identities. The Anti-Bias approach is posited as an alternative to oppressive discourses and a vehicle that encourages and assists the agency of individuals. The theoretical framework, which brings together a psychological approach to prejudice, a structural approach to discrimination and a poststructural approach to identity, facilitates the analysis of the perpetuation of dominant discourses by the students, as well as how they negotiate their way through familiar norms and discourses. Group discussions and interviews a year after the respective trainings serve to evaluate the agency of the students and the extent to which the training impacted on their perceptions, attitudes and behavioural practices. The study reveals the recurrence of the themes race, religion, gender and sexuality in the representational practices of the students groups in Berlin and Bombay. It demonstrates how students in this study not only perform, but also negotiate and resist oppressive structures. Of particular importance is the role of the school: When schools offer no spaces for discussion, debate and action on contemporary social issues, learning can neither be put into practice nor take on a positive, transformative form. In such cases, agency and resistance is limited and interventionist actions yield little. This study reports the potential of the Anti-Bias approach and training as a tool of political education and action in education. It demonstrates that a single training can initiate change but sustaining change requires long-term strategies and on-going actions. Taking a poststructural perspective, it makes concrete suggestions to adapt and alter the Anti-Bias approach and the implementation of Anti-Bias trainings.

The Political Ecology of Salmon Aquaculture in Chile

Every German consumes per year, 15% is salmon, which is the third most popular fish in Germany after Alaska-Seelachs and Hering (Keller/Kress 2013: 9). But where does the salmon that ends up on our plates every 6th time we eat fish come from? There's no obligation for producers to declare the origin of their fish products, but if they do so, the latin name of the fish, catching method and catch area should be declared. Salmon, of which about 40% are captured in the wild and the rest brought up in aquacultures, could then be declared as follows: Salmon (salmo salar), aquaculture from Chile. Without any doubt, this makes consumption more transparent, but the standards of production – both, social and ecological ones – and the ecological impacts are still kept in the dark.

Political Economy of Global Rush for Agricultural Land: a Tract on India’s Overseas Acquisitions

This paper is an attempt to map the global land acquisitions with a focus on Indian MNCs in acquiring overseas land for agricultural purposes. It tries to outline the contemporary political economy of capital accumulation at the global level, especially, in the emerging developing economies like India and China, where the emergence of a new capitalist class has engaged itself into acquisition of land and control of other natural resources in Africa, Latin America, Eastern Europe and South East Asia, for example, water and other minerals to secure itself from the eventual losses of ongoing economic crisis and to earn profit from the volatile agricultural commodity markets. This sway of control of resources by the MNCs has got paramount State support under the helm of neoliberal policies. The paper provides scale of overseas land acquisitions at the current juncture and tries to highlight its causes and the major implications associated with it.