Spacelike maximal surfaces in 3D Lorentz-Minkowski space

We investigate spacelike maximal surfaces in 3-dimensional Lorentz-Minkowski space, give an Enneper-Weierstrass representation of such surfaces and classify those with a Lorentzian or Euclidian rotation symmetry.

Konzept und Prototyp eines interoperablen und offenen Simulationssystems

Simulation hat sich in der Vergangenheit als unterstützendes Planungsinstrument und Prognosemethode zur Untersuchung von Materialflusssystemen in verschiedenen Branchen etabliert. Dafür werden neben Simulationswerkzeugen auch zunehmend Virtual Reality (VR), insbesondere mit dem Ansatz Digitale Fabrik, eingesetzt. Ein Materialflusssimulator, der für den VR–Einsatz geeignet ist,existiert noch nicht, so dass Anwender gegenwärtig mit verschiedenen Systemen arbeiten müssen, um Untersuchungen eines Simulationsmodells in einem VR–Umfeld wie beispielsweise in einem CAVE zu ermöglichen. Zeitlicher Aufwand ist dadurch vorprogrammiert und das Auftreten von Fehlern bei der Konvertierung des Simulationsmodells möglich. Da auch der hauseigene Materialflusssimulator SIMFLEX/3D nicht für beide Anwendungsgebiete genutzt werden kann und für einen solchen Einsatz mit sehr hohem Aufwand angepasst werden müsste, wurde stattdessen ein neues Simulationssystem entworfen. Das Simulationssystem wird in der vorliegenden Arbeit als ein interoperables und offenes System beschrieben, das über eine flexible Softwarearchitektur verfügt und in einem vernetzten Umfeld mit anderen Werkzeugen Daten austauschen kann. Die grundlegende Idee besteht darin, eine flexible Softwarearchitektur zu entwerfen, die zunächst interaktive und ereignisorientierte 3D–Simulation erlaubt, aber zusätzlich für andere Anwendungszwecke offen gehalten wird. Durch den offenen Ansatz können Erweiterungen, die in Form von Plugins entwickelt werden, mit geringem Aufwand in das System integriert werden, wodurch eine hohe Flexibilität des Systems erreicht wird. Für interoperable Zwecke werden Softwaremodule vorgestellt, die optional eingesetzt werden können und standardisierte Formate wie bspw. XML benutzen. Mit dem neuen Simulationssystem wird die Lücke zwischen Desktop– und VR–Einsatz geschlossen und aus diesem Grund der Zeitaufwand und Fehlerquellen reduziert. Darüber hinaus ermöglicht der offene Ansatz, das Simulationssystem rollen- und aufgabenspezifisch anzupassen, indem die erforderlichen Plugins bereitgestellt werden. Aus diesem Grund kann das Simulationssystem mit sehr geringem Aufwand um weitere Untersuchungsschwerpunkte wie beispielsweise Avatare ergänzt werden. Erste Untersuchungen in einem CAVE wurden erfolgreich durchgeführt. Für die Digitale Fabrik kann der Prototyp eingesetzt werden, um die Produktionsplanung mit Hilfe der Simulation und die Entwicklung mit Hilfe der entwickelten Viewer zu unterstützen. Letzteres ist möglich, da die Viewer zahlreiche CAD–Formate lesen und um weitere Formate ergänzt werden können. Das entwickelte System ist für den Einsatz in verschiedenen Prozessen einer Wertschöpfungskette geeignet,um es als Untersuchungs-, Kommunikations- und Steuerungswerkzeug einzusetzen.

Optimal Sub-Pixel arrangements and coding for ultra-high resolution three-dimensional OLED displays

Information display technology is a rapidly growing research and development field. Using state-of-the-art technology, optical resolution can be increased dramatically by organic light-emitting diode - since the light emitting layer is very thin, under 100nm. The main question is what pixel size is achievable technologically? The next generation of display will considers three-dimensional image display. In 2D , one is considering vertical and horizontal resolutions. In 3D or holographic images, there is another dimension – depth. The major requirement is the high resolution horizontal dimension in order to sustain the third dimension using special lenticular glass or barrier masks, separate views for each eye. The high-resolution 3D display offers hundreds of more different views of objects or landscape. OLEDs have potential to be a key technology for information displays in the future. The display technology presented in this work promises to bring into use bright colour 3D flat panel displays in a unique way. Unlike the conventional TFT matrix, OLED displays have constant brightness and colour, independent from the viewing angle i.e. the observer's position in front of the screen. A sandwich (just 0.1 micron thick) of organic thin films between two conductors makes an OLE Display device. These special materials are named electroluminescent organic semi-conductors (or organic photoconductors (OPC )). When electrical current is applied, a bright light is emitted (electrophosphorescence) from the formed Organic Light-Emitting Diode. Usually for OLED an ITO layer is used as a transparent electrode. Such types of displays were the first for volume manufacture and only a few products are available in the market at present. The key challenges that OLED technology faces in the application areas are: producing high-quality white light achieving low manufacturing costs increasing efficiency and lifetime at high brightness. Looking towards the future, by combining OLED with specially constructed surface lenses and proper image management software it will be possible to achieve 3D images.

Magnetic interactions between transition metal impurities and clusters mediated by low-dimensional metallic hosts: A first principles theoretical investigation

The magnetic properties and interactions between transition metal (TM) impurities and clusters in low-dimensional metallic hosts are studied using a first principles theoretical method. In the first part of this work, the effect of magnetic order in 3d-5d systems is addressed from the perspective of its influence on the enhancement of the magnetic anisotropy energy (MAE). In the second part, the possibility of using external electric fields (EFs) to control the magnetic properties and interactions between nanoparticles deposited at noble metal surfaces is investigated. The influence of 3d composition and magnetic order on the spin polarization of the substrate and its consequences on the MAE are analyzed for the case of 3d impurities in one- and two-dimensional polarizable hosts. It is shown that the MAE and easy- axis of monoatomic free standing 3d-Pt wires is mainly determined by the atomic spin-orbit (SO) coupling contributions. The competition between ferromagnetic (FM) and antiferromagnetic (AF) order in FePtn wires is studied in detail for n=1-4 as a function of the relative position between Fe atoms. Our results show an oscillatory behavior of the magnetic polarization of Pt atoms as a function of their distance from the magnetic impurities, which can be correlated to a long-ranged magnetic coupling of the Fe atoms. Exceptionally large variations of the induced spin and orbital moments at the Pt atoms are found as a function of concentration and magnetic order. Along with a violation of the third Hund’s rule at the Fe sites, these variations result in a non trivial behavior of the MAE. In the case of TM impurities and dimers at the Cu(111), the effects of surface charging and applied EFs on the magnetic properties and substrate-mediated magnetic interactions have been investigated. The modifications of the surface electronic structure, impurity local moments and magnetic exchange coupling as a result of the EF-induced metallic screening and charge rearrangements are analysed. In a first study, the properties of surface substitutional Co and Fe impurities are investigated as a function of the external charge per surface atom q. At large inter-impurity distances the effective magnetic exchange coupling ∆E between impurities shows RKKY-like oscillations as a function of the distance which are not significantly affected by the considered values of q. For distances r < 10 Å, important modifications in the magnitude of ∆E, involving changes from FM to AF coupling, are found depending non-monotonously on the value and polarity of q. The interaction energies are analysed from a local perspective. In a second study, the interplay between external EF effects, internal magnetic order and substrate-mediated magnetic coupling has been investigated for Mn dimers on Cu(111). Our calculations show that EF (∼ 1eV/Å) can induce a switching from AF to FM ground-state magnetic order within single Mn dimers. The relative coupling between a pair of dimers also shows RKKY-like oscillations as a function of the inter-dimer distance. Their effective magnetic exchange interaction is found to depend significantly on the magnetic order within the Mn dimers and on their relative orientation on the surface. The dependence of the substrate-mediated interaction on the magnetic state of the dimers is qualitatively explained in terms of the differences in the scattering of surface electrons. At short inter-dimer distances, the ground-state configuration is determined by an interplay between exchange interactions and EF effects. These results demonstrate that external surface charging and applied EFs offer remarkable possibilities of manipulating the sign and strength of the magnetic coupling of surface supported nanoparticles.