2 resultados para Mediation

em Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, Universität Kassel, Germany


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In the vision of Mark Weiser on ubiquitous computing, computers are disappearing from the focus of the users and are seamlessly interacting with other computers and users in order to provide information and services. This shift of computers away from direct computer interaction requires another way of applications to interact without bothering the user. Context is the information which can be used to characterize the situation of persons, locations, or other objects relevant for the applications. Context-aware applications are capable of monitoring and exploiting knowledge about external operating conditions. These applications can adapt their behaviour based on the retrieved information and thus to replace (at least a certain amount) the missing user interactions. Context awareness can be assumed to be an important ingredient for applications in ubiquitous computing environments. However, context management in ubiquitous computing environments must reflect the specific characteristics of these environments, for example distribution, mobility, resource-constrained devices, and heterogeneity of context sources. Modern mobile devices are equipped with fast processors, sufficient memory, and with several sensors, like Global Positioning System (GPS) sensor, light sensor, or accelerometer. Since many applications in ubiquitous computing environments can exploit context information for enhancing their service to the user, these devices are highly useful for context-aware applications in ubiquitous computing environments. Additionally, context reasoners and external context providers can be incorporated. It is possible that several context sensors, reasoners and context providers offer the same type of information. However, the information providers can differ in quality levels (e.g. accuracy), representations (e.g. position represented in coordinates and as an address) of the offered information, and costs (like battery consumption) for providing the information. In order to simplify the development of context-aware applications, the developers should be able to transparently access context information without bothering with underlying context accessing techniques and distribution aspects. They should rather be able to express which kind of information they require, which quality criteria this information should fulfil, and how much the provision of this information should cost (not only monetary cost but also energy or performance usage). For this purpose, application developers as well as developers of context providers need a common language and vocabulary to specify which information they require respectively they provide. These descriptions respectively criteria have to be matched. For a matching of these descriptions, it is likely that a transformation of the provided information is needed to fulfil the criteria of the context-aware application. As it is possible that more than one provider fulfils the criteria, a selection process is required. In this process the system has to trade off the provided quality of context and required costs of the context provider against the quality of context requested by the context consumer. This selection allows to turn on context sources only if required. Explicitly selecting context services and thereby dynamically activating and deactivating the local context provider has the advantage that also the resource consumption is reduced as especially unused context sensors are deactivated. One promising solution is a middleware providing appropriate support in consideration of the principles of service-oriented computing like loose coupling, abstraction, reusability, or discoverability of context providers. This allows us to abstract context sensors, context reasoners and also external context providers as context services. In this thesis we present our solution consisting of a context model and ontology, a context offer and query language, a comprehensive matching and mediation process and a selection service. Especially the matching and mediation process and the selection service differ from the existing works. The matching and mediation process allows an autonomous establishment of mediation processes in order to transfer information from an offered representation into a requested representation. In difference to other approaches, the selection service selects not only a service for a service request, it rather selects a set of services in order to fulfil all requests which also facilitates the sharing of services. The approach is extensively reviewed regarding the different requirements and a set of demonstrators shows its usability in real-world scenarios.

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Die Arbeit behandelt im Rahmen eines induktiven Ansatzes die Problematik aktueller kommunalpolitischer Zielkonflikte im Umgang mit Baudenkmalen in Deutschland. Dabei wird das Politikfeld Denkmalschutz in seiner kulturell-politischen Mehrdimensionalität unter der Ausgangsfrage untersucht, wie Entscheidungsprozesse verlaufen, bei denen entwicklungsbezogene Interessen und Belange des Denkmalschutzes eine besondere Rolle spielen. Vier Beispielfälle bilden den empirischen Kern der Untersuchung: Ein ortsbildprägendes und architektonisch qualitätsvolles Industriedenkmal wandelt sich mittels staatlicher Förderung zu einer Brachfläche; der Umgebungsschutz eines Gartendenkmals von Weltrang muss den Bedürfnissen des kommerzialisierten Fußballsports den Vortritt lassen; ein historisches Lichtspieltheater wird trotz Massenprotesten von Bürgern zu einem Buchladen umgebaut; eine freistehende Gründerzeitvilla wird unter der Maßgabe maximaler Verkaufsflächengröße durch ein Einkaufszentrum eingehaust. Aufbauend auf einer Analyse der jeweiligen Entscheidungsprozesse werden die Spezifika politischer Auseinandersetzungen um Denkmale fallübergreifend herausgearbeitet. Das Untersuchungsprinzip entspricht einem explorativen Verfahren, wobei der argumentative Austausch als empirischer Schlüssel zu sprachlich materialisierten Deutungsangeboten von Akteuren einen Schwerpunkt der Untersuchung bildet. In der Gegenüberstellung diskursiver Prozesse wird untersucht, wie Deutungsangebote im politischen Prozess entstehen, sich verändern und diskursiv vermittelt werden. Im Mittelpunkt steht der Einblick in das Zusammenspiel empirisch bestimmter Einflussgrößen. Dabei kristallisieren sich mehrere Thesen heraus, die das kulturelle Verständnis, die Rolle des institutionellen Kontextes und die politische Aushandlung als Prozess betreffen. Es wird aufgezeigt, weshalb die Kluft zwischen dem elitären Erhaltungsinteresse der Fachwelt und dem Denkmalverständnis des „Durchschnittsbürgers" als notwendige Triebfeder der denkmalpflegerischen Vermittlungsarbeit und für eine kreative Auseinandersetzung mit dem Denkmal ebenso wie der hoheitliche Denkmalschutz unverzichtbar bleibt.