6 resultados para Information interfaces and presentation

em Universitätsbibliothek Kassel, Universität Kassel, Germany


Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Context awareness, dynamic reconfiguration at runtime and heterogeneity are key characteristics of future distributed systems, particularly in ubiquitous and mobile computing scenarios. The main contributions of this dissertation are theoretical as well as architectural concepts facilitating information exchange and fusion in heterogeneous and dynamic distributed environments. Our main focus is on bridging the heterogeneity issues and, at the same time, considering uncertain, imprecise and unreliable sensor information in information fusion and reasoning approaches. A domain ontology is used to establish a common vocabulary for the exchanged information. We thereby explicitly support different representations for the same kind of information and provide Inter-Representation Operations that convert between them. Special account is taken of the conversion of associated meta-data that express uncertainty and impreciseness. The Unscented Transformation, for example, is applied to propagate Gaussian normal distributions across highly non-linear Inter-Representation Operations. Uncertain sensor information is fused using the Dempster-Shafer Theory of Evidence as it allows explicit modelling of partial and complete ignorance. We also show how to incorporate the Dempster-Shafer Theory of Evidence into probabilistic reasoning schemes such as Hidden Markov Models in order to be able to consider the uncertainty of sensor information when deriving high-level information from low-level data. For all these concepts we provide architectural support as a guideline for developers of innovative information exchange and fusion infrastructures that are particularly targeted at heterogeneous dynamic environments. Two case studies serve as proof of concept. The first case study focuses on heterogeneous autonomous robots that have to spontaneously form a cooperative team in order to achieve a common goal. The second case study is concerned with an approach for user activity recognition which serves as baseline for a context-aware adaptive application. Both case studies demonstrate the viability and strengths of the proposed solution and emphasize that the Dempster-Shafer Theory of Evidence should be preferred to pure probability theory in applications involving non-linear Inter-Representation Operations.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Die Unternehmensumwelt wird zunehmend von dynamischen Veränderungen und Turbulenzen geprägt. Globalisierung der Märkte und schneller wechselnde Umfeldveränderungen zwingen die Unternehmen dazu, ihr strategisches Verhalten ständig an neue Bedingungen anzupassen. Ein vorausschauendes Denken und Handeln wird immer notwendiger, da in vielen Branchen Produkte und Dienstleistungen in wesentlich kürzeren Zeitabständen als bisher durch Neue ersetzt werden. Um das unternehmerische Umfeld im Blick zu haben und über Pläne, Leistungen und Kompetenzen der Konkurrenten und Kunden über Marktveränderungen und technische Neuerungen etc. aktuell und vorausschauend informiert zu sein, wird ein intelligentes, systematisches Vorgehen bei der Informationsversorgung mit Umfeldinformationen benötigt. Die Dissertation befasst sich mit der Entwicklung, Implementierung und Untersuchung eines Softwareinstrumentes und systematischen Arbeitsprozesses, um die Versorgung von Managern und Mitarbeitern mit Umfeldinformationen (externen Informationen) zu verbessern um aufkommende Chancen und/oder Risiken frühzeitig zu erkennen. Der Schwerpunkt der Arbeit bezieht sich hauptsächlich auf die Phase der Informationsbereitstellung (Beschaffung, Verarbeitung und Präsentation) und dem Abruf der Umfeldinformationen durch die Manager und Mitarbeiter. Das entwickelte Softwareinstrument und die Arbeitsabläufe werden in drei Untersuchungsfirmen implementiert und evaluiert. Über eine schriftliche Befragung soll der Zustand vor Einführung des Softwareinstrumentes und Arbeitsabläufen und ein Jahr danach erfasst werden. Zur Ergänzung der Ergebnisse der schriftlichen Erhebung werden zusätzlich leitfadengestützte Einzelinterviews durchgeführt werden. Spezielle Auswertungen der Systemzugriffe sollen Aufschluss über den Nutzungsumfang und -häufigkeit im Zeitablauf geben. Über eine sukzessive Optimierung der Software und Arbeitsabläufe werden abschließend ein überarbeitetes Softwareinstrument sowie angepasste Arbeitsabläufe und ein Einführungsverfahren vorgestellt.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

During recent years, quantum information processing and the study of N−qubit quantum systems have attracted a lot of interest, both in theory and experiment. Apart from the promise of performing efficient quantum information protocols, such as quantum key distribution, teleportation or quantum computation, however, these investigations also revealed a great deal of difficulties which still need to be resolved in practise. Quantum information protocols rely on the application of unitary and non–unitary quantum operations that act on a given set of quantum mechanical two-state systems (qubits) to form (entangled) states, in which the information is encoded. The overall system of qubits is often referred to as a quantum register. Today the entanglement in a quantum register is known as the key resource for many protocols of quantum computation and quantum information theory. However, despite the successful demonstration of several protocols, such as teleportation or quantum key distribution, there are still many open questions of how entanglement affects the efficiency of quantum algorithms or how it can be protected against noisy environments. To facilitate the simulation of such N−qubit quantum systems and the analysis of their entanglement properties, we have developed the Feynman program. The program package provides all necessary tools in order to define and to deal with quantum registers, quantum gates and quantum operations. Using an interactive and easily extendible design within the framework of the computer algebra system Maple, the Feynman program is a powerful toolbox not only for teaching the basic and more advanced concepts of quantum information but also for studying their physical realization in the future. To this end, the Feynman program implements a selection of algebraic separability criteria for bipartite and multipartite mixed states as well as the most frequently used entanglement measures from the literature. Additionally, the program supports the work with quantum operations and their associated (Jamiolkowski) dual states. Based on the implementation of several popular decoherence models, we provide tools especially for the quantitative analysis of quantum operations. As an application of the developed tools we further present two case studies in which the entanglement of two atomic processes is investigated. In particular, we have studied the change of the electron-ion spin entanglement in atomic photoionization and the photon-photon polarization entanglement in the two-photon decay of hydrogen. The results show that both processes are, in principle, suitable for the creation and control of entanglement. Apart from process-specific parameters like initial atom polarization, it is mainly the process geometry which offers a simple and effective instrument to adjust the final state entanglement. Finally, for the case of the two-photon decay of hydrogenlike systems, we study the difference between nonlocal quantum correlations, as given by the violation of the Bell inequality and the concurrence as a true entanglement measure.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

A conceptual information system consists of a database together with conceptual hierarchies. The management system TOSCANA visualizes arbitrary combinations of conceptual hierarchies by nested line diagrams and allows an on-line interaction with a database to analyze data conceptually. The paper describes the conception of conceptual information systems and discusses the use of their visualization techniques for on-line analytical processing (OLAP).

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

In database marketing, the behavior of customers is analyzed by studying the transactions they have performed. In order to get a global picture of the behavior of a customer, his single transactions have to be composed together. In On-Line Analytical Processing, this operation is known as reverse pivoting. With the ongoing data analysis process, reverse pivoting has to be repeated several times, usually requiring an implementation in SQL. In this paper, we present a construction for conceptual scales for reverse pivoting in Conceptual Information Systems, and also discuss the visualization. The construction allows the reuse of previously created queries without reprogramming and offers a visualization of the results by line diagrams.

Relevância:

100.00% 100.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This research investigates what information German Fairtrade coffee consumers search for during pre-purchase information seeking and to what extent information is retrieved. Furthermore, the sequence of the information search as well as the degree of cognitive involvement is highlighted. The role of labeling, the importance of additional ethical information and its quality in terms of concreteness as well as the importance of product price and organic origin are addressed. A set of information relevant to Fairtrade consumers was tested by means of the Information Display Matrix (IDM) method with 389 Fairtrade consumers. Results show that prior to purchase, information on product packages plays an important role and is retrieved rather extensively, but search strategies that reduce the information processing effort are applied as well. Furthermore, general information is preferred over specific information. Results of two regression analyses indicate that purchase decisions are related to search behavior variables rather than to socio-demographic variables and purchase motives. In order to match product information with consumers’ needs, marketers should offer information that is reduced to the central aspects of Fairtrade.