57 resultados para Theorie-Praxis-Beziehung
Resumo:
Prof. Dr. Maya Nadig (Universität Bremen, Fachbereich Kulturwissenschaft) im Gespräch mit Dr. Wolfgang Hegener am 2. Mai 1998 in Berlin. Das Interview wurde zusammen mit Dr. Heidi Möller geplant und bearbeitet.
Resumo:
In der Betrachtung der Supervision begegnen sich zwei unterschiedliche Perspektiven. Einerseits wird Supervision als schlichte Anwendung wissenschaftlich gewonnener Erkenntnisse gewertet. Andererseits lässt sie sich jedoch auch als eine "Kunst" begreifen. Die Autoren gehen davon aus, dass sich professionelles supervisorisches Handeln nicht hierarchisch einem wissenschaftlichen Regelwerk unterstellen lässt, sondern dass beide Bereiche gleichberechtigt ihren je eigenen Diskurs- und Handlungsformen folgen. Sinnvoll scheint es, das supervisorische Tun als einen heuristischen Suchprozess zu beschreiben und ihn mit Hilfe der Erkenntnisse der Kreativitätsforschung besser zu verstehen. Die Autoren plädieren weiterhin dafür, dass eine psychoanalytisch orientierte Supervision nur als ein dialogisch-intersubjektives Geschehen begriffen werden kann, in dem die biographische "Wahrheit" oder das institutionelle bzw. organisatorische Unbewusste in einem gleichsam poetischen-schöpferischen Akt zwischen Supervisor und Supervisand(en) gemeinsam erfunden und erzeugt wird.
Resumo:
Es soll im Folgenden nicht darum gehen, eine neue Methode zu kreieren, eine Bindestrich-Methode wie etwa "psychoanalytische Organisationsberatung" oder dergleichen. Vielmehr gehen wir davon aus, dass jeder Berater, der als Externer mit einer Organisation in Kontakt kommt auf Neues und damit Unbekanntes stößt. Wir machen dabei immer wieder die schmerzhafte Erfahrung, nicht zu durchschauen, nicht zu wissen, d.h. unsicher zu sein über die eigene Rolle und Identität. Die Realität von Institutionen erleben wir als unüberschaubar komplex. Damit ist eine Gefahr verbunden, denn der Organisationsberater selbst bewegt sich in der Unbewusstheit der Institution. Er selbst ist Produkt dieses Prozesses. Mit diesem Neuen und Unbekannten kann man in zweierlei Hinsicht umgehen: Entweder man versucht sich an vorherigen Erfahrungen zu orientieren und subsumiert das Neue unter das Alte, oder man nimmt das Neue bewusst wahr und lässt sich verunsichern, um die Irritationen produktiv im Sinne eines diagnostischen Erkenntnisinteresses zu nutzen. In diesem Sinne geht es nicht um eine Methode, sondern um eine Haltung, die mit anderen methodischen Grundorientierungen durchaus kompatibel sein kann. Im folgenden greifen wir auf unsere Vorarbeiten zu dem Thema "Supervision als praktische Ethnopsychoanalyse" (Pühl 1992, 1998, Möller 1997) zurück und vervollständigen diesen Ansatz um den Kulturbegriff, der der Ethnopsychoanalyse immanent ist.
Resumo:
In dem vorliegenden Aufsatz soll den Ereignissen in Sebnitz um den Tod des kleinen Joseph im Sommer 2000 nachgegangen werden. Dieses Ereignis ist voll von kollektiven Wahrnehmungsverzerrungen und eignet sich gut, die Möglichkeiten kritisch-psychologischer Perspektiven aufzuzeigen. Psychologische Betrachtungsweisen und Analysen können helfen, die politischen Ereignisse und Zusammenhänge einem vertieften Verstehen zuzuführen.
Resumo:
Summary: Productivity and forage quality of legume-grass swards are important factors for successful arable farming in both organic and conventional farming systems. For these objectives the botanical composition of the swards is of particular importance, especially, the content of legumes due to their ability to fix airborne nitrogen. As it can vary considerably within a field, a non-destructive detection method while doing other tasks would facilitate a more targeted sward management and could predict the nitrogen supply of the soil for the subsequent crop. This study was undertaken to explore the potential of digital image analysis (DIA) for a non destructive prediction of legume dry matter (DM) contribution of legume-grass mixtures. For this purpose an experiment was conducted in a greenhouse, comprising a sample size of 64 experimental swards such as pure swards of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), white clover (Trifolium repens L.) and lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) as well as binary mixtures of each legume with perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.). Growth stages ranged from tillering to heading and the proportion of legumes from 0 to 80 %. Based on digital sward images three steps were considered in order to estimate the legume contribution (% of DM): i) The development of a digital image analysis (DIA) procedure in order to estimate legume coverage (% of area). ii) The description of the relationship between legume coverage (% area) and legume contribution (% of DM) derived from digital analysis of legume coverage related to the green area in a digital image. iii) The estimation of the legume DM contribution with the findings of i) and ii). i) In order to evaluate the most suitable approach for the estimation of legume coverage by means of DIA different tools were tested. Morphological operators such as erode and dilate support the differentiation of objects of different shape by shrinking and dilating objects (Soille, 1999). When applied to digital images of legume-grass mixtures thin grass leaves were removed whereas rounder clover leaves were left. After this process legume leaves were identified by threshold segmentation. The segmentation of greyscale images turned out to be not applicable since the segmentation between legumes and bare soil failed. The advanced procedure comprising morphological operators and HSL colour information could determine bare soil areas in young and open swards very accurately. Also legume specific HSL thresholds allowed for precise estimations of legume coverage across a wide range from 11.8 - 72.4 %. Based on this legume specific DIA procedure estimated legume coverage showed good correlations with the measured values across the whole range of sward ages (R2 0.96, SE 4.7 %). A wide range of form parameters (i.e. size, breadth, rectangularity, and circularity of areas) was tested across all sward types, but none did improve prediction accuracy of legume coverage significantly. ii) Using measured reference data of legume coverage and contribution, in a first approach a common relationship based on all three legumes and sward ages of 35, 49 and 63 days was found with R2 0.90. This relationship was improved by a legume-specific approach of only 49- and 63-d old swards (R2 0.94, 0.96 and 0.97 for red clover, white clover, and lucerne, respectively) since differing structural attributes of the legume species influence the relationship between these two parameters. In a second approach biomass was included in the model in order to allow for different structures of swards of different ages. Hence, a model was developed, providing a close look on the relationship between legume coverage in binary legume-ryegrass communities and the legume contribution: At the same level of legume coverage, legume contribution decreased with increased total biomass. This phenomenon may be caused by more non-leguminous biomass covered by legume leaves at high levels of total biomass. Additionally, values of legume contribution and coverage were transformed to the logit-scale in order to avoid problems with heteroscedasticity and negative predictions. The resulting relationships between the measured legume contribution and the calculated legume contribution indicated a high model accuracy for all legume species (R2 0.93, 0.97, 0.98 with SE 4.81, 3.22, 3.07 % of DM for red clover, white clover, and lucerne swards, respectively). The validation of the model by using digital images collected over field grown swards with biomass ranges considering the scope of the model shows, that the model is able to predict legume contribution for most common legume-grass swards (Frame, 1992; Ledgard and Steele, 1992; Loges, 1998). iii) An advanced procedure for the determination of legume DM contribution by DIA is suggested, which comprises the inclusion of morphological operators and HSL colour information in the analysis of images and which applies an advanced function to predict legume DM contribution from legume coverage by considering total sward biomass. Low residuals between measured and calculated values of legume dry matter contribution were found for the separate legume species (R2 0.90, 0.94, 0.93 with SE 5.89, 4.31, 5.52 % of DM for red clover, white clover, and lucerne swards, respectively). The introduced DIA procedure provides a rapid and precise estimation of legume DM contribution for different legume species across a wide range of sward ages. Further research is needed in order to adapt the procedure to field scale, dealing with differing light effects and potentially higher swards. The integration of total biomass into the model for determining legume contribution does not necessarily reduce its applicability in practice as a combined estimation of total biomass and legume coverage by field spectroscopy (Biewer et al. 2009) and DIA, respectively, may allow for an accurate prediction of the legume contribution in legume-grass mixtures.