A comparative study on the anisole methylation activity of lanthanum-promoted Sn02 catalyst and its sulfate-doped analogue

A comparative study on the anisole methylation with methanol over lanthanum-promoted Sn02 catalyst and its sulfate-doped analogue is presented. A maximum 2.6-xylenol selectivity of 82% was achieved at 400 degreeC under optimized conditions at an anisole conversion of 65% over lanthanum-promoted Sn02 catalyst. The sulfate modification resulted in the dealkylation of anisole to phenol followed by several unselective side reactions due to the creation of strong acid sites. The activity of lanthanum-modified tin oxide catalysts in the selective formation of 2.6-xylenol is ascribed to the presence of weak Lewis acid sites and comparatively stronger basic sites.

Basicity and electron donor properties of lanthanum oxide and its mixed oxides with alumina

The electron donating properties of La2O3 activated at 300, 500 and 800·C and its mixed oxides with alumina are reported from the studies on adsorption of electron acceptors of varying electron affinity on La203. The electron acceptors with their electron affinity values given in parenthesis are: 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (2.84 eV), 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro-I,4-benzoquinone (2.40 eV) and p-dinitrobenzene(l.77eV). The basicity of the oxide has been determined by titration with n-butylamine and Ho.max values are reported. The limit of electron transfer from the oxide to the electron acceptor is between 2.40 and 1.77 eV. It is observed that La203 promotes the surface electron properties of alumina without changing its limit of electron transfer.

Catalytic activity of lanthanum oxide for the reduction of cyclohexanone

Lanthanum oxide, La2O3 has been found to be an effective catalyst for the liquid phase reduction of cyclohexanone. The catalytic activities of La2O3 activated at 300, 500 and 800·C and its mixed oxides with alumina for the reduction of cyclohexanone with 2-propanol have been determined and the data parallel that of the electron donating properties of the catalysts. The electron donating properties of the catalysts have been determined from the adsorption of electron acceptors of different electron affinities on the surface of these oxides.

The Effect of Sales Promotion on Consumer Based Brand Equity

The study was an attempt to find out the effect of Sales Promotion,Price and Premium Promotion,on Consumer Based Brand Equity.The dimensions of consumer Based Brand Equity under study were Brand Awareness and Associations,Perceived Quality and Brand Loyalty.The Product categories under study were Convenience Products,shopping Products and Specialty Products and the product classes taken were Toothpastes,Colour Television and Athletic Shoes.The brands under study were Convenience Products-Anchor,Closeup,Colgate and Dabur:Shopping products-LG,Onida,Samsung and Sony and Specialty Products-Action,Adidas,Nike and Reebok.The primary objective of the study was to examine the effect of Sales Promotion,Price and Premium Promotion,on Consumer Based Brand Equity(CBBE)

Near fifty percent sodium substituted lanthanum manganites—A potential magnetic refrigerant for room temperature applications

Nearly half of lanthanum sites in lanthanum manganites were substituted with monovalent ion-sodium and the compound possessed distorted orthorhombic structure. Ferromagnetic ordering at 300K and the magnetic isotherms at different temperature ranges were analyzed for estimating magnetic entropy variation. Magnetic entropy change of 1.5 J kg 1 K 1 was observed near 300 K. An appreciable magnetocaloric effect was also observed for a wide range of temperatures near 300K for small magnetic field variation. Heat capacity was measured for temperatures lower than 300K and the adiabatic temperature change increases with increase in temperature with a maximum of 0.62K at 280 K

The Development and Promotion of ETDs in Kerala

Electronic Theses and Dissertations (ETD) have become an important component of library service in all countries. Many Indian higher education institutions are actively engaged in the process of introducing ETDs. This study describes the development of ETD projects in Kerala. This paper examines the ETD project of Cochin University of Science and Technology (CUSAT) and Mahatma Gandhi University (MGU)

Towards Realization of Magnetocaloric and Magnetoelectric Applications based on Bulk and Thin film forms of Sodium substituted Lanthanum Manganites

The present thesis work focuses on hole doped lanthanum manganites and their thin film forms. Hole doped lanthanum manganites with higher substitutions of sodium are seldom reported in literature. Such high sodium substituted lanthanum manganites are synthesized and a detailed investigation on their structural and magnetic properties is carried out. Magnetic nature of these materials near room temperature is investigated explicitly. Magneto caloric application potential of these materials are also investigated. After a thorough investigation of the bulk samples, thin films of the bulk counterparts are also investigated. A magnetoelectric composite with ferroelectric and ferromagnetic components is developed using pulsed laser deposition and the variation in the magnetic and electric properties are investigated. It is established that such a composite could be realized as a potential field effect device. The central theme of this thesis is also on manganites and is with the twin objectives of a material study leading to the demonstration of a device. This is taken up for investigation. Sincere efforts are made to synthesize phase pure compounds. Their structural evaluation, compositional verification and evaluation of ferroelectric and ferromagnetic properties are also taken up. Thus the focus of this investigation is related to the investigation of a magnetoelectric and magnetocaloric application potentials of doped lanthanum manganites with sodium substitution. Bulk samples of sodium substituted lanthanum manganites. Bulk samples of sodium substituted lanthanum manganites with Na substitution ranging from 50 percent to 90 percent were synthesized using a modified citrate gel method and were found to be orthorhombic in structure belonging to a pbnm spacegroup. The variation in lattice parameters and unit cell volume with sodium concentration were also dealt with. Magnetic measurements revealed that magnetization decreased with increase in sodium concentrations.

SOL-GEL Lanthanum Phosphate, Composite and coating for functional Applications.

Lanthanum phosphate is one among the lanthanide family of “Rare Earths” following the periodic table of elements. Known under the generic name, Monazite, the rare earth phosphates have melting points above 1900 °C, high thermal phase stability, low thermal conductivity and thermal expansion coefficient similar to some of the high temperature oxides like alumina and zirconia.