Working of Women’s Industrial Co-operative Societies in Kerala

This study deals with the working of Women’s Industrial Co-operative Societies (WICS) in Kerala. The formation of women’s co-operatives was identified as a lucrative enterprise and a feasible proposition for empowerment of women through encouraging and ensuring their active participation in the process of social and economic development. The problem of unemployment of Women and poverty in India can be tackled effectively only through suitable and appropriate self-employment schemes. WICS help to supplement the income of families and thus raise the standard of living. WICS in Kerala have a significant role in the elimination of industrial backwardness and mounting employment. This study focuses its attention on the performance aspects of WICS. It also gives an introduction to the co-operative movement and review of literature on industrial co-operatives in general and women’s industrial co-operatives in particular.

”Nonlinear optical properties of polymers containing azomesogens and chiral molecules: theoretical and experimental evaluations."

The present work emphasizes the use of chirality as an efficient tool to synthesize new types of second order nonlinear materials. Second harmonic generation efficiency (SHG) is used as a measure of second order nonlinear response. Nonlinear optical properties of polymers have been studied theoretically and experimentally. Polymers were designed theoretically by ab initio and semiempirical calculations. All the polymeric systems have been synthesized by condensation polymerization. Second harmonic generation efficiency of the synthesized systems has been measured experimentally by Kurtz and Perry powder method