“Studies on extracellular enzyme production during growth of Pleurotus sp. on lignocellulosic agriwaste and the utilization of spent mushroom substrate”

Commercially, Pleurotus spp. of mushroom are cultivated in bags. After mushroom cultivation, spent substrate remains as residual material. Proper recycling of spent substrate is beneficial for our economy. Spent substrate can be utilized for various other value added purposes through the proper knowledge of its components. Composition of various components depends on the activity of extracellular enzymes in the spent substrate. The present study was conducted to know the enzyme profile of some major extracellular enzymes - cellulase, hemicellulase (xylanase), pectinase and ligninase (lignin peroxidase and laccase) and to estimate cellulose, hemicellulose, pectin and lignin in the substrate. The use of spent substrate as a source of fibre and ethanol, and in the biodegradation of phenol by Pleurotus spp. was also investigated

Ethanol Production From Spent Substrate Of Pleurotus Eous

Spent substrate, the residual material of mushroom cultivation, causes disposal problems for cultivators. Currently the spent substrate of different mushrooms is used mainly for composting. Edible mushrooms of Pleurotus sp. can grow on a wide range of lignocellulosic substrates. In the present study, Pleurotus eous was grown on paddy straw and the spent substrate was used for the production of ethanol. Lignocellulosic biomass cannot be saccharified by enzymes to high yield of ethanol without pretreatment. The root cause for the recalcitrance of lignocellulosic biomass such as paddy straw is the presence of lignin and hemicelluloses on the surface of cellulose. They form a barrier and prevent cellulase from accessing the cellulose in the substrate. In the untreated paddy straw, the amount of hemicelluloses and lignin (in % dry weight) were 20.30 and 20.34 respectively and the total reducing sugar was estimated to be 5.40 mg/g. Extracellular xylanase and ligninases of P. eous could reduce the amount of hemicelluloses and lignin to 16 and 11(% dry weight) respectively, by 21st day of cultivation. Growth of mushroom brought a seven fold increase in the total reducing sugar yield (39.20 mg/g) and six fold increase in the production of ethanol (6.48 g/L) after 48hrs of fermentation, when compared to untreated paddy straw

Biodegradation Of Phenol Using Spent Substrate Of Pleurotus Sp.

Phenol is an aromatic hydrocarbon which exists as a colorless or white solid in its pure state. Over the past several decades, there is growing concern about wide spread contamination of surface and ground water by phenol, due to rapid development of chemical and petrochemical industries. Phenol affects aquatic life even at relatively low concentration (5-25mg/L). Treatment for removal of phenol includes chemical as well as biological processes. Studies show that ligninases such as Lignin Peroxidase and Laccase, produced by Pleurotus sp., can degrade phenol. Spent substrate of Pleurotus mushrooms consists of ligninases. Present work was to investigate the potential of spent substrate of edible mushroom P. ostreatus for biodegradation of phenol. P. ostreatus was cultivated on paddy straw. After harvest, spent substrate was utilized for phenol degradation. According to the enzyme profile of two ligninases present in the spent substrate of P. ostreatus, maximum specific activity for Laccase was observed in 35 day old spent substrate and LiP activity was maximum in 56 day old spent substrate, which together contributed significantly for removal of phenol. Spent substrate of 35th and 56th day were each incubated with phenol sample (1:1w/v) for one day, which resulted in degradation of phenol by 48% and 45% respectively. From these results it appears that, spent substrate of P. ostreatus can be used effectively to remove phenol from industrial effluents