The Role of Diffusion in ISOL Targets for the Production of Radioactive Ion Beams

On line isotope separation techniques (ISOL) for production of ion beams of short-lived radionuclides require fast separation of nuclear reaction products from irradiated target materials followed by a transfer into an ion source. As a first step in this transport chain the release of nuclear reaction products from refractory metals has been studied systematically and will be reviewed. High-energy protons (500 - 1000 MeV) produce a large number of radionuclides in irradiated materials via the nuclear reactions spallation, fission and fragmentation. Foils and powders of Re, W, Ta, Hf, Mo, Nb, Zr, Y, Ti and C were irradiated with protons (600 - 1000 MeV) at the Dubna synchrocyclotron, the CERN synchrocyclotron and at the CERN PS-booster to produce different nuclear reaction products. The main topic of the paper is the determination of diffusion coefficients of the nuclear reaction products in the target matrix, data evaluation and a systematic interpretation of the data. The influence of the ionic radius of the diffusing species and the lattice type of the host material used as matrix or target on the diffusion will be evaluated from these systematics. Special attention was directed to the release of group I, II and III-elements. Arrhenius plots lead to activation energies of the diffusion process.

Synthesis And Reactions Of Pyrazoldouinoxalines

The present work reports the synthesis of 2-ary1—3—oxo-3—pyrazolino[3,4-b]quinoxalines for the first time. These compounds have been prepared by the reaction of ethyl 2-chloroquinoxaline—3—carboxylate with different phenylhydrazines. 2-Aryl—3-oxo—3—pyrazolino[3,4—b]quinoxalines are generally light yellow in either neutral or acid solutions but changed the colour to deep violet or green in basic media. The change in colour appears to be sharp and therefore these compounds may be used as acid base indicators. Their UV absorption maxima under acidic and basic media are also very different. However, the actual conditions under which these compounds may be used as indicators have not been worked out. The synthesis and reactions of a new heterocyclic system, lH—l,5—benzodiazepino[2,3—b]quinoxaline is also reported here. This novel nitrogen heterocycke was prepared by the condensation of ethyl 2-chloroquinoxaline-3—carboxylate with o-phenylene diamine and subsequent manipulationsa to give the parent compound. Several derivatives which are expected tx> have valuable biological properties have also beenlreported. The structures of all new compounds have been established by elemental analysis and also by analysing their spectral data smch as ultraviolet, infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. Compounds obtained from this work will be submitted for screening their biological properties.