Acetalization of ketones on K-10 clay and rare earth exchanged HFAU-Y zeolites: A mild and facile procedure for the synthesis of dimethylacetals

Dimethylacetals of ketones; cyclohexanone, acetophenone, and benzophenone have been prepared by reacting ketones with methanol under mild reaction conditions. Large pore zeolites (H-Y and its rare earth metal, Ce3+, La3+, and RE3+ modified forms), and mesoporous clay (K-10 montmorillonite and its cerium exchanged counterpart) with regular pore structure, silica and silica-alumina have been used as catalysts. Clay catalysts are found to be much more active than zeolites, thanks to slightly bigger pore size. The nature of the pores of the solid acid catalysts determine acetalization efficiency of a particular catalyst. As evidenced by the reaction time studies, the catalyst decay is greater over the zeolites than over the clays. Carrying out the reaction with ketones of different molecular sizes it is shown that K-10 clays and rare earth exchanged H-Y zeolites are promising environmentally friendly catalysts for their use in the production fine chemicals.

Tuning mesoporous molecular sieve SBA-15 for the immobilization of α-amylase

The present work describes the immobilization of α-amylase over well ordered mesoporous molecular sieve SBA-15 with different pore diameters synthesized by post synthesis treatment (PST) hydrothermally after reaction at 40°C. The materials were characterized by N 2 adsorption–desorption studies, small angle X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy and high resolution transmission electron microscopy. Since α-amylase obtained from Bacillus subtilis has dimensions of 35 × 40 × 70 Å it is expected that the protein have access to the pore of SBA-15 (PST-120°C) with diameter 74 Å. The pore dimension is appropriate to prevent considerable leaching. The rate of adsorption of the enzyme on silica of various pore sizes revealed the influence of morphology, pore diameter, pore volume and pH.