Chronic catheterization using vascular-access-port in rats: blood sampling with minimal stress for plasma catecholamine determination

Chronic catheterization is illustrated using vascular-access-port model SLA where the port is surgically placed subcutaneously on the back of the rat. The catheter is tunnelled to the neck and inserted into the jugular vein . Within 24 h rats showed normal blood pressure and blood samples were collected at intervals with minimal stress to the animals . A comparison of the plasma catecholamine of blood collected from vascular-access-ports with that obtained from decapitation indicates that there was minimal stress to the rats when blood was drawn through the vascular-access-port.

Petrochemistry related mineralization and genesis of the Ambalavayal granite and assoiated pegmatites, Wynad district, Kerala

The Kerala region which forms a significant segment of the south—western Indian shield, dominantly comprises charnockites, khondalites and migmatitic gneisses of Precambrian age. Recent investigations have revealed the occurrences of a number of younger granite and syenite plutons in this region, .spatially related to regional fault—lineaments. The granite of Ambalavayal in Wynad district of northern Kerala is a typical member of this suite of intrusives. The thesis is based on a comprehensive study in terms of geology, petrology, geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Ambalavayal granite, basement gneisses, associated pegmatites, quartz veins and related mineralization that together cover an area of about 90 sq km in wynad district of northern Kerala

Petrochemistry, related mineralization and genesis of the Ambalavayal granite and associated pegmatites. Wynad district, Kerala

The Kerala region which forms a significant segment of the south—western Indian shield, dominantly comprises charnockites, khondalites and migmatitic gneisses of Precambrian age. Recent investigations have revealed the occurrences of a number of younger granite and syenite plutons in this region, .spatially related to regional fault—lineaments. The granite of Ambalavayal in Wynad district of northern Kerala is a typical member of this suite of intrusives. The thesis is based on a comprehensive study in terms of geology, petrology, geochemistry and petrogenesis of the Ambalavayal granite, basement gneisses, associated pegmatites, quartz veins and related mineralization that together cover an area of about 90 sq km in wynad district of northern Kerala.