Thermal lens technique to study the effect of pH on electronic energy transfer in organic dye mixtures.

The effect of pH on the fluorescence efficiency of fluorescein is evaluated using thermal lens technique. Fluorescence efficiency increases as the sample becomes more and more alkaline. But when fluorescein is mixed with rhodamine B fluorescence quenching of fluorescein takes place with the excitation of rhodamine B. The electronic energy transfer in this mixture is investigated using Optical Parametric Oscillator as the excitation source. The effect of pH on the efficiency of energy transfer in fluorescein–rhodamine B mixture is presented.

Financial Inclusion of The Small and Marginal Farmers by the Banking Sector in Kerala

Financial inclusion for inclusive growth is central to the developmental philosophy of most of the nations over the past decade. It has been a priority for policy makers and regulators in financial sector development for improving access and usage of financial services to achieve comprehensive financial inclusion. The initiatives taken towards financial inclusion can promote a more effective and efficient process to achieve significant improvements in financial inclusion are to establish and achieve shared and sustainable development and growth. Realising this, an increasing number of countries are committing to promote financial inclusion, encouraged by the growing body of country level experiences (World Bank, 2012). Financial inclusion basically means, broad based growth through participation as well as sharing the benefits from the growth process along with the under privileged and marginal segments of the economy. Evidence suggests that it has substantial benefits for equitable and sustainable growth. Inclusive growth ensures that while economy grows rapidly, all segments of society are involved in this growth process, ensuring equal opportunities, devoid of any regional or sectoral disparitiesIt is widely acknowledged that the objective ofinclusive growth is accomplished through the process of financial inclusion. Financial inclusion envisages bringing everyone, irrespective of financial status, into the banking fold for the individual progress and development and thereby achieving comprehensive growth with equity