Crystal Structures and Spectral Investigation of Aroylhydrazones and their Mixed Ligand Metal Chelates

Supra molecular architectures of coordination complexes of liydrazones through non covalent interactions have been explored. Molecular self—assernbly driven by weak interactions such as hydrogen— bonding, K '”T[, C-1-I‘ "TE, van der Waals interactions, and so forth are currently of tremendous research interest in the fields of molecule based materials. The directional properties of the hydrogembonding interaction associate discrete molecules into aggregate structures that are sufficiently stable to be considered as independent chemical species. Chemistry can borrow nature’s strategy to utilize hydrogen-bonding as Well as other noncovalent interactions as found in secondary and tertiary structures of proteins such as the double helix folding of DNA, hydrophobic selflorganization of phospholipids in cell membrane etc. In supramolecular chemistry hydrogen bonding plays an important role in forming a variety of architectures. Thus, the wise modulation and tuning of the complementary sites responsible for hydrogen—bond formation have led to its application in supramolecular electronics, host-guest chemistry, self-assembly of molecular capsules, nanotubes etc. The work presented in this thesis describes the synthesis and characterization of metal complexes derived from some substituted aroylhydrazones. The thesis is divided into seven chapters.

Development of a cell culture system from the ovarian tissue of African catfish Clarias gariepinus

A growth medium with Leibovitz-15 L-15.as the base, supplemented with foetal bovine serum 10% vrv., fish muscle extract 10% vrv., prawn muscle extract 10% vrv., lectin concanavalin A. 0.02 mg mly1., lipopolysaccharide 0.02 mg mly1., glucose D 0.2 mg mly1., ovary extract 0.5% vrv.and prawn haemolymph 0.5%. has been formulated with 354"10 mOsm for the development and maintenance of a cell culture system from the ovarian tissue of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus. For its subculturing, a cell dissociationrextracting solution, composed of equal portions of trypsin phosphate versene glucose TPVG. containing 0.0125% wrv.trypsin and 25% vrv.non-enzymatic cell dissociation solution 1 and 2, has also been developed with which the cell culture can be passaged 15 times after which they cease to multiply and consequently perish. The cell cultures can be maintained for 12–15 days without fluid change between the passages. This is the first report of a cell culture system from the ovarian tissues of African catfish

Neurotransmitter Functional Role in Neurodegenerative Diseases: human Health

Neuroscience is the study of'tbe ne rvous system , including the i - ; . in, spinal cord and peripheral nerves . Neurons are the basic cells of the brain and nervous system which exerts its functional role through various neurotransmitters and receptor systems . The activity of a nen ren depends on the balance between the number of excitatory and inhibito r y processes affecting it, both processes occurring individually and sin ,tlte-' ,ieously. The functional bal,ince of different neurotransmitters such as Acct >>lcholine (Ach), Dopamine (DA), Serotonin (5-1-17), Nor epinepbri,te (N.1 j, Epinephrine (LPI), Glutamate and Gamma amino butyric acid (GA BA) regulates the growth , division and other vital functions ofa normal cell / organisin (Sudha, 1 998). The micro-environ ; nertt of the cell is controlled / the macro-environment that surrounds the individual. Any change in the cell environment causes imbalance in cell homeostasis and f,ntction. Pollution is a significant cause of imbalance caused iii the inacYcenvironment. Interaction with polluted environments can have an adverse impact on the health of humans. The alarming rise in enviromilmieil cont.iniin :rtion has been linked to rises in levels of pesticides, ndltstr al effluents, domestic Waste, car exhausts and other anthropogenic activities. Persistent exposures to contaminant cause a negative imp,-, on brain health and development . Pollution also causes a change in the neurotransmitters and their receptor function leading to earl.;' recurrence of neurodcge,terative disorders such as flypoxia , Alzbeimers's and Huntington 's disease early in life.

A marine candida sake as source of immunostimulants to fenneropenaeus indicus

Aquaculture has developed rapidly over the last three decades to become an important activity worldwide.The Food and Agricultural Organization (FAO) of the UN acknowledge that global fishery output must be increased by at least 50% to offset projected shortfalls in dietary protein by 2030.LAquaculture has developed rapidly over the last three decades and has become an importat industry as today’s demand for fish exceeds the natural supply.lmmunostimulants are chemical compounds that activate the immune system of animals and render them more resistant to infections by viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites. lmmunostimulants have been obtained from diverse natural sources where, microbial cell wall acts as the main source.The salient findings of the study are summariseSeven marine yeasts were screened for growth promoting and immunostimulant property in F. indicus. Candida sake S165 was found to be best in terms of its support for growth and protection against white spot virus infection.The study revealed that marine yeast Candida sake can be effectively used as potential source of immunostimulants for application in penaeid prawns culture systems. The study emphasise the fact that the dose and frequency of application of immunostimulants are to be standardised and validated before commercialisation to achieve optimum stimulation of the immune system and to avoid immune fatigue die to verdose.Marine yeast (whole cell) was found to support better immunostimulation compared to its cell wall component B-1,3-glucan. This study shows that administration of marine yeast (whole cell) or B-1,3-glucan as immunostimulants in aquaculture would definitely help in protection of the stock to a few more days even though total protection is not being imparted. This partial protection itself would be highly helpful to the farming industry so that they can get sufficient time to plan for a safe harvest and save the crop from cent percent mortality.