Environmentally compatible phyto-chemical larvicides for mosquito control

In the last decades considerable headway has been made in research and development of phyto-chemical pesticides. The most notable recent success is the commercial development of neem products for insect control. The present investigation on Environmentally Compatible Phyto-Chemical Larvicides for Mosquito Control was undertaken to identify plants of the locality with potential larvicidal activity on mosquito larvae. This has been achieved by screening 17 plant species against four mosquito species. The observation and data are compiled in six chapters .

Studies On The Effect Of Laser Radiation And Other Mutagens On Plants

The effect of lasers of three wavelengths in the visible region - 476, 488 and 514 nm on mitotic and meiotic cell divisions, growth, yield and activity of specific enzymes were studied in two taxonomically diverse plant species — A/lium cepa L. and Vicia faba. The effect of laser exposures was compared with the effect of two physical mutagens (Gamma and Ultraviolet radiations) and two chemical mutagens (Ethyl Methane Sulphonate and Hydroxyl amine). The study indicated that lasers could be mutagenic causing aberration in the mitotic and meiotic cell divisions while also producing changes in the growth and yield of the plants. Lasers of higher wavelengths 488 and 514 nm caused aberrations in the early stages of mitotic cell division whereas lasers of lower wavelengths (476 nm) caused more aberrations in the later stages of mitotic cell division. Laser exposure of 488 nm wavelength at power density 400 mW induced higher mitotic and meiotic aberrations and also induced higher pollen sterility than lasers of 476 and 514 nm. The frequency of mitotic aberrations induced by lasers was lesser than that caused by y-irradiation but comparable to that induced by EMS and HA. Lasers cause mutations in higher frequencies than UV. Lasers had a stimulatory effect on growth and yield in both plant species. This stimulatory effect of lasers on germination could not however be correlated to the activity of amylase and protease, the key enzymes in seed gennination. Enzymes such as peroxidase and catalase, involved in scavenging of free oxygen radicals often produced by irradiation, did not show increased activity in laser irradiated samples. Further studies are required for elucidating the exact mechanisms by which lasers cause mutations

Induction of mitotic aberrations by Argon ion lasers in Vicia faba L. and Allium cepa L.

A comparat ive study of the effect oflaser in inducing chro mosomal aberrat ions at 4gg nm was done in View j aba L. (faba bean) and Allium ccpa L. (onion) with Argon ion laser (Spectra Physics Model 171). Seeds and bulbs of V.jaba and A. eepa were subjected to laser irra diation by 4gg nm excitations from Argon ion laser source at power levels 200 and 400 mW with power densities 2.25 mW em" and 4.49 mW em" and ditTerent exposure times (10, 20, 30 & 40 minutes). Similar to the effect of oth er physical and chemical mutagens, laser caused a dose dependent decrease in mitotic index and a rise in mitotic aberrations when compared to the control. In both plant species, mutations were observed in all stages of mitotic cell cycle. The total percentage of aberrations was two fold higher at 400 mW than at 200 mW exposure.