STUDIES ON HAEMOLYMPH CONSTITUENTS OF PILA VIRENS (LAMARCK) AND THE EFFECTS OF PESTICIDES ON THE ACTIVITY PATTERN OF SELECTED ENZYMES

The present study is an attempt to understand the physiological responses of a freshwater gastropod, in terms of haematological parameters, in normal conditions as well as in various natural and man made altered conditions of the environment.Pila virens, a freshwater prosobranch,commonly found in paddy fields, ponds, and streams of Kerala is selected as the test animal for the present investigation. Various haemolymph constituents such as total carbohydrate, glycogen, total protein, total lipid, urea,ammonia,sodium,potasium, calcium, and chloride which are directly involved in the control and maintenance of different physiological systems, were analysed in the present study. Selected haematological parameters like total haemocyte number, and packed cell volume were also determined. Besides , the activity pattern of selected haemolymph enzymes such as acid phosphatase (ACP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP),Glutamate-oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), and glutamate-pyruvate transaminase (GPT), all having diagnostic value in terms of internal defence system and metabolism of the organism, were also studied.

Studies on the isolation and characterization of flavones and triterpenoids from a few plants

In the present scenario, there is an increasing demand for natural products in food industry, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics and agricultural sectors. In this context phytochemical study to identify newer chemicals has got great relevance. Phytochemical studies have become more reliable and encouraging with the development of modern analytical techniques.In the present work the leaves of Piper colubrinum (Piperaceae), aerial parts of Mussaenda fiondosa (Rubiaceae) and Humboldtia vahliana (Leguminosae) and the pericarp of fruits of Artocarpus heterophyllus (Moraceae) were investigated for their secondary metabolites. The major compounds isolated belong to the groups of flavonoids and triterpenoids.Naturally occurring flavonoids have been used widely in chemotaxonomic studies of plants. Flavones and flavonols constitute a group of biosynthetically related natural products. No universal function has been established for flavones and flavonols in plants. However, many functions in individual plants have been demonstrated. These include protection of plants from ultraviolet light, insects and pests; pollinator attractants; antioxidants; plant hormone controllers; enzyme inhibitors and allelopathic agents. Flavonoids are attracting the attention of medical scientists in recent years because of their anticarcinogenic, antiallergic and antiinflammatory properties. The recent discovery that flavonoids are involved in the process of nitrogen fixation in plants also opens the way for agricultural application of these constituents.Triterpenoids are another class of compounds that are ubiquitous in plants. Some triterpenoids present in the latex and resins of plants are believed to be involved in chemical defence against pathogens and herbivores. Triterpenoids possess various biological properties including anti-inflammatory, antifeedant, pesticidal, fungitoxic and antimicrobial activities. Triterpenoids with cytotoxic activity and inhibitory effect on seed germination are also known.

”Studies on Selected conducting polymers for Microwave and Electrical Applications

The electrical properties of polymers make up an inherently interdisciplinary topic, being closely associated, on the one hand, with the mechanical properties of polymers polarization and relaxation) and, on the other hand, with the semi conductive properties (conduction and break down). In addition, unlike conventional technologies, which use these properties in its various applications like antistatic coatings, rechargeable batteries, sensors, electrochromic devices, electrochemical devices etc, microwave technology extract the microwave absorbing ability of electrically conducting polymers. The conducting polymers are widely used in its potential applications like electro magnetic interference shielding, satellite communication links, beam steering radars, frequency selective surfaces etc. Considering the relevance of microwave applications of conducting polymers, the study of microwave properties of conducting polymers stands poised to become a compelling choice for synthetic chemists and condensed - matter physicists, physical chemists and material scientists, electrochemists and polymer scientists. The main aim of the present work is to study the microwave and low frequency properties of various conducting polymers, conducting semi-interpenetrating networks, conducting copolymers and to characterise it. Also this thesis collated the microwave properties of these conducting systems and exposes the various technologically important applications in the industrial, scientific, communication and defence applications.