A study of industrial co-operatives in kerala with special reference to modern small scale sector

The report of the Steering Committee of the Kerala State Planning Board for the preparation of the VIII five Year Plan on Industry and Hiningzslisted several factors inhibiting and promoting growth of small industrial units. Kerala's educated manpower, the native intelligence of the Keralites best suited for taking up logic—based professions and availability of a Hell—developed and broad~based physical infrastructure particularly in the transport and communications sectors, are a few of the positive factors identified. On the negative side, may be mentioned high wage rates, preference on the part of the educated for white collar Jobs, lack of entrepreneurship, paucity of essential resources for industrial use, high density of population and the distance factor which places Kerala away from the major domestic markets. In this context, it would appear that the industrial co-operative movement could possibly play a vital role in accelerating-the momentum of small industrial development of Kerala which has a Health of highly educated and skilled manpower. However, in spite of the encouragement extended by the Government, the movement does not seem to have.been picking up in the modern small scale sector. The present study is an attempt to analyse the factors that have affected the performance of the industrial co—operatives in the small scale industrial sector of Kerala.

Commitment of women industrial workers with special reference to electronics industry in Kerala

In this study of workers of the two industrial units, it has been found that the women workers are more committed to the organization than the men workers. The organizational commitment has been a popular research topic among organizational sociologists, industrial psychologists and labour relations specialists. Much of the early research was directed on organizational commitment of men workers and studies on organizational commitment of women workers were less when compared to that of men workers. The results of this study is partially supported by the findings of Aranya and Jacobson (1975) who found that parental responsibility is linked with maintaining stable patterns of employment.

Environmental protection pressure groups in kerala: a study on their structure, strategy and role with special reference to industrial pollution

The present study focuses attention on the social phenomenon of environmental protection pressure groups in Kerala. A detailed historical background of environmental protection pressure groups at international and national scenes as background for this study .Emphirical studies of environmental protection pressure groups in Kerala with special reference to industrial pollution is dicussed in detail . The main objective of the study is to identify the factors that make pressure groups succeed or fail in achieving their set objectives.The factors include the structure and strategies of social pressure groups and the support they receive from the environment.

Study of Capital Structure in Major Industrial Concerns in Kerala

To make an analytical description of the considerations for the capital structure decision and to explain the patterns of capital structure prevailing in the state, private and central sector manufacturing concerns in Kerala. To evaluate the capital structure highlighting the effect of financial leverage in an EBIT-EPS tangle. To find out the effect of capital structure on the returns and liquidity and solvency of the firms.

Study on the Socio-Psychological Background of Entrepreneur - Managers of Small Scale Industrial Units in Ernakulam District, Kerala

The understanding of the theory of entrepreneurship depends upon one set of definitions which provide the base for analytical study. The main objective of the study was to understand the distribution of entrepreneurship in the manufacturing sector among different categories of people in kerala and to differentiate the socio - psychological background of successful entrepreneur- managers from unsuccessful entrepreneur-managers. The purpose of the study, a sample of 150 entrepreneur-managers of SS1 units spread over Ernakulam district was surveyed through a specially designed questionnaire.

Women Entrepreneurship In the Industrial Manufacturing Sector of Kerala

This study was on women's industries programme in Kerala, to assess the involvement of manpower in this field and to analyse the difficulties and problems faced by the women entrepreneurs which impede the growth and smooth functioning of units. It was supported by the views of 275 women entrepreneurs of Kerala. Census method was adopted and only 58 per cent of units responded by supplying necessary details. Details were collected from these: units through mailed questionnaires designed for the purpose. The study highlights the profile of workers in the women's industrial units, but the profile of the entrepreneurs is neglected. Problems faced by women entrepreneurs are analysed under the following major heads viz., capital, raw materials, marketing, competition from other units and availability of power. But the conclusions drawn from the survey are not on proper empirical support. It also includes suggestions of entrepreneurs. The major findings of the study are as follows : Nearly 82 per cent of the women's industrial units are functioning throughout the year. Proprietory concerns and co—operative societies are the popular ones. Majority of the units are running on profit. Women's units are still in their infancy and so the problems faced by them are many. The characteristics of having other business or sister concerns is lacking among women entrepreneurs. Nearly 94 per cent of the employees are permanent. About four-fifth (81%) of the workers are full time employees. Only a very small proportion of the employees (1%) get a reasonable income that is above Rs.50O per month. The workers are very young and 63 per cent workers have no experience at all.

Environomics - A Financial Estimate of Environmental Pollution Control and Abatement Schemes in Eloor-Edayar Industrial Belt

The present study consists of nine chapters including the introductory chapter. Chapter II makes a brief review of environmental literature and examines various measures adopted at the global level to protect the environment. The environmental problems often transgress national sovereignity and geographical boundaries. Therefore, attempts must be made at the national and international levels to protect the environment, the resources of which are the common property of mankind. The protection of the national environment from the ancient till the present forms the content of Chapter III. These chapters together provide a background to understand the issues analysed in the subsequent chapters. Carefully worked out theoretical framework is a pre-requisite for the successful study of a complex subject. Some of the theoretical issues of ‘environomics’ are examined in Chapter IV. The theoretical issues involved in estimating the costs and benefits of environmental protection constitute the theme of Chapter V. The state of environment in Eloor-Edayar Industrial belt andthe impact analysis of pollution of the area are discussed in Chapter VI and VII respectively. Chapter VIII makes the financial estimate of environmental protection of the project And finally, Chapter IX presents the findings of the study

"Profile of Industrial workers in Kerala - A Comparative Study of the Socioeconomic Profile of Workers in Traditional and Modern Industries

The objective of this study is to assess the changes that have been taking place in the socio-economic profile of organized industrial workers of Kerala in the context of the changes that have been taking place in the state's industrial structure. with this object in view, the study seeks to find out the similarities and differences in the profile of workers belonging to two Segments of factory sector industries in Kerala viz., modern and traditional segments. It also seeks to examine the factors leading to the differences in profile, if any, and their consequences. As noted earlier, the profile of workers may be influenced both by external societal factors and by internal factors like the difference in industrial structure and the technologies used. It is proposed to assess the relative importance of these two groups of factors. In drawing up the profile, we seek to find out whether the workers belonging to the organised sector of industry in Kerala particularly the more modern sector have begun to form a ‘select group‘ in the Kerala society and the total work force. Wherever possible, it is proposed to compare the profile of the Kerala workers with those of workers in other states of India. As an incidental objective, it is also proposed to find out to the extent possible, whether trends towards labour embourgeoisement and class shifting have begun to set in among the industrial workers of Kerala, particularly among the workers in the modern industries as a result of their relative affluence and their middle class socioeconomic background. besides, the study seeks to find out whether there is any difference in the class consciousness of workers belonging to these two segments of organized industry, arising from the differences in their economic status and social background.

Marketing Management in Small Scale Industrial Units of Women Entrepreneurs in Kerala - A Study with Reference to Ernakulam District",

The women entrepreneurs, who set up business units with encouragement and institutional support, find it difficult to market their products. The marketing concept is yet to be grasped in its entirety. Women entrepreneurs especially find the marketing fiinctions difficult to carry out. Hence, this study is carried out to understand the marketing management in SSI units of women entrepreneurs

Effect of industrial pollution on the benthic communities of a tropical estuary

Cochin backwaters, a tropical barbuilt estuary is well known for its prawn, molluscan and demersal fisheries. Also it formed the dumping area for sewage,235 retting of husks and discharge of effluents from industries located on either side of it. As a result the fishery is being gradually dwindled year after year due to the lowering of the water quality. The effect of industrial polution on the benthic community of this tropical estuary was worked out. An area extending over 21 km from the mouth of the estuary to upstream of industrial belt was selected. Temporal and spatial variations of 16 environmental parameters at 9 stations along the area were monitored monthly during 1981. Benthic fauna of these 9 stations consisted of amphipods , polychaetes, isopods, tanaidaceans, molluscs and other crustaceans (Decapods, Acetes, Alpheids, Balanus, insect larvae, chironomid larvae, cumacea and some fresh water forms ). Apart from these, sea anemone, flat worms, nematodes, sipunculoids, echinoderms and fishes were also encountered. 75 species belonging to 31 faunal groups were identified. Of these 31 groups, amphipods, polychaedes, isopods, tanaidaceans and molluscs were numerically abundant. Rest of the 26 groups (including 13 riverine forms) were found less significant due to their rare occurrence/low numerical abundance. Polychaetes and molluscs were the only major groups present at all the stations.

Pilot Plant Studies On The Utilization Of Industrial Wastes For Industrial Bitumen Manufacture

The main objectives of the investigations reported in the present thesis are the following: (1) to find out some industrial wastes as cheaper additives to augment the air-blowing polymerization process of bitumen. This will bring down the cost of production of industrial bitumen which can be applied for the manufacture of bitumenous paints, roofing and flooring materials etc. (2) to find out suitable promoters for the above additives. This will bring down the consumption of the additives (3) to help in the industrial pollution control (4) to investigate the usefulness of the industrial bitumen produced in the production of bituminous paints (5) to find out thekinetic parameters of the reactions invovled with different additives. This is essential for the design, construction and operation of new industrial bitumen plants using the additives investigated. This will also enable us to establish the mechanism of the reactions involved in the process

Industrial Laws In Transnational Corporations And Their Impact On The Economic Conditions Of Labour: Acase Study Of Pharmaceutical Industry In India

This study proposes to verify the hypothesis relating to labour legislation in the industrial sector.Here there are as many as fifty enacments of the central government alone.These legislations indicating the growth of this branch of law over a period of more than half a centuary cover a wide spectrum of interests of workers both individuals and collective in different areas of employment.However this study relates mainly to a)trade unions act,b)industrial employment c)industrial disputes.

Bioremediation of Zinc Using Bacillus sp. Isolated from Metal- Contaminated Industrial Zone

The production of heavy metals has increased quickly since the industrial revolution. Heavy metals frequently form compounds that can be toxic, carcinogenic, or mutagenic, even in very small concentrations. The usual techniques of removing metals from wastewaters are in general expensive and have many restrictions. Alternative methods of metal removal and recovery based on biological materials have been measured. Among various agents, the use of microbes for the removal of metals from industrial and municipal wastewater has been proposed as a promising alternative to conventional heavy metal management strategies in past decades. Thus, the present study aims to isolate and characterize bacteria from soil, sediment, and waters of metal-contaminated industrial area to study the zinc resistance patterns and the zinc bioaccumulation potential of the selected microorganism. Zinc analysis of the samples revealed that concentrations varying from 39.832 m g/L to 310.24 m g/L in water, 12.81 m g/g to 407.53 m g/g in soil, and 81.06 m g/g to 829.54 m g/g in sediment are present. Bacterial zinc resistance study showed that tolerance to Zn was relatively low (<500 m g/ml). Ten bacterial genera were represented in soil and 11 from water, while only 5 bacterial genera were recorded from sediment samples. Bacillus, Pseudomonas , and Enterobacter were found in soil, sediment, and water samples. Highly zincresistant Bacillus sp. was selected for zinc removal experiment. Zinc removal studies revealed that at pH 5 about 40% reduction occurs; at pH 7, 25% occurs; and at pH 9, 50% occurs. Relatively an increased removal of Zinc was observed in the fi rst day of the experiment by Bacillus sp. The metal bioaccumulative potential of the selected isolates may have possible applications in the removal and recovery of zinc from industrial ef fluents.

Primary Productivity Of The Retiing Zones In The Kadinamkulamestuary, South-West Coastof India

Retting.of coconut husk is one of the major problems of pollution in the estuaries (Kayals) of Kerala. This paper discusses the salient features associated with the variation in gross and net primary productivity values in the Kadinarnkularn Kayal based on lortnightlydala from twosclected stations frorn Octobcr1987 to September 1988.The gross primary productivity value in the surface water ranged from 0.06 to 0.29gC/m3/day at Station Iand from 0.06 to 1.49gC/rn3/dayatstation II. In the bottom wateritrangcdfrorn oto 0.21 gC/m2/ day at station I whereas that at station II from 0.03 to 1.41gC/m3j day. The net productivity in the surface water at station I varied from 0 to 024 gC/m Iday Whereas that atstation II varied from 0.02to 1.44gC/m3Iday.AI the bottomwaterilvaried from ato 0.19gC/m3/ day at station I and from 0.01 to 1.21gC/m3/day at station II. The monsoon period showed the highest mean seasonal value at stations I and II. The total depletion of dissolved oxygen giving rise to anoxic condition coupled with the production of large quantities of hydrogen sulphide was found to be detrimental to the gross and net productivity values in the retting zone

ToxicMetals Enrichment in the Surficial Sediments of a Eutrophic Tropical Estuary (Cochin Backwaters, Southwest Coast of India)

Concentrations and distributions of trace metals (Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn) in surficial sediments of the Cochin backwaters were studied during both monsoon and pre-monsoon periods. Spatial variations were in accordance with textural charaterstics and organic matter content. A principal component analysis distinguished three zones with different metal accumulation capacity: (i) highest levels in north estuary, (ii) moderate levels in central zone, and (iii) lowest levels in southern part. Trace metal enrichments are mainly due to anthropogenic contribution of industrial, domestic, and agricultural effluents, whose effect is enhanced by settling of metals due to organic flocculation and inorganic precipitation associated with salinity changes. Enrichments factors using Fe as a normalizer showed that metal contamination was the product of anthropogenic activities. An assessment of degree of pollution-categorized sediments as moderately polluted with Cu and Pb, moderately-to-heavily polluted with Zn, and heavily-to-extremely polluted with Cd. Concentrations at many sites largely exceed NOAA ERL (e.g., Cu, Cr, and Pb) or ERM (e.g., Cd, Ni, and Zn). This means that adverse effects for benthic organisms are possible or even highly probable.