L'Académie Julian et ses élèves canadiens : Paris, 1880-1900

Thèse dirigée sous la direction conjointe de Lise Lamarche et Jean Trudel.

Which Legal Standards Should Apply To Web-logs? The present legal position of Internet journals in the European iuris prudence in the light of the European Parliament Committee’s on Culture and Education report and Polish Supreme Court decision

The article discusses the present status of weblogs and examines whether legal standards applicable to traditional press and media should be applied to that specific forum. The analysis is based on two key documents: the Draft Report on the concentration and pluralism in the media in European Union (2007/2253(INI)) of the European Parliament Committee on Culture and Education presented in March 2008 and a landmark decision of the Polish Supreme Court from July 26, 2007 (IV KK 174/07) in the light of present judicial tendency in other European countries. The first of the mentioned documents calls for the “clarification of the legal status of different categories of weblog authors and publishers as well as disclosure of interests and voluntary labelling of weblogs”. It emphasizes that the “undetermined and unindicated status of authors and publishers of weblogs causes uncertainties regarding impartiality, reliability, source protection, applicability of ethical codes and the assignment of liability in the event of lawsuits”. The position of the European Parliament, expressed in the document, raises serious questions on the limits of freedom of thought and speech on the Internet and on the degree of acceptable state control. A recent Polish Supreme Court decision, which caused quite a stir in the Polish Internet community, seems to head in the very direction recommended by the EP Culture Committee. In a case of two editors of a web journal (“czasopismo internetowe”) called “Szyciepoprzemysku”, available on-line, accused of publishing a journal without the proper registration, the Polish Supreme Court stated that “journals and periodicals do not lose the character of a press release due solely to the fact that they appear in the form of an  Internet transmission”, and that ‘’the publishing of press in an electronic form, available on the Internet, requires  registration”. The decision was most surprising, as prior lower courts decisions declined the possibility to register Internet periodicals. The accused were acquitted in the name of the constitutional principle of the rule of law (art. 7 of the Polish Constitution) and the ensuing obligation to protect the trust of a citizen to the state (a conviction in this case would break the collateral estoppel rule), however the decision quickly awoke media frenzy and raised the fear of a need to register all websites that were regularly updated. The spokesman of the Polish Supreme Court later explained that the sentence of the Court was not intended to cause a mass registration of all Internet “periodicals” and that neither weblogs nor Internet sites, that were regularly updated, needed registration. Such an interpretation of the Polish press law did not appear clear based only on the original text of the judgment and the decision as such still raises serious practical questions. The article aims to examine the status of Internet logs as press and seeks the compromise between the concerns expressed by European authorities and the freedom of thought and speech exercised on the Internet.

Le discours muséal à travers l'exposition des collections de quatre musées d'art : Montréal, Québec, Joliette et Sherbrooke

Les musées d’art sont des lieux privilégiés pour contempler les productions artistiques du passé et d’aujourd’hui. En vertu de leur mandat, ceux-ci ont la tâche difficile de concilier leurs fonctions de délectation et d’éducation du public. Certains favorisent une approche plutôt que l’autre, mais tous portent un regard subjectif sur ce qu’ils exposent. Même si les oeuvres semblent être disposées naturellement dans les salles, tout ce qui relève de la conception et de la réalisation des expositions est savamment construit et résulte d’un parti-pris de la part du musée. En fonction de ses choix, c’est-à-dire de ce qu’elle présente ou non et comment elle le fait, l’institution muséale participe à la définition de ce qu’est l’art et influence la signification des oeuvres. En conséquence, chaque musée est producteur d’un discours qui véhicule notamment sa vision de l’histoire de l’art et ses valeurs institutionnelles. Ce discours est produit tant par les écrits qui sont installés auprès des oeuvres que par l’ensemble du dispositif muséographique qui les entoure. Ce mémoire explore, à travers l’analyse comparative de quatre musées des beaux-arts québécois, les éléments constitutifs d’un tel discours ainsi que les relations qui s’instaurent entre les différentes composantes du discours muséal et ce qui est montré dans leurs salles d’exposition.

Art + Bioéthique : quand la recherche en bioéthique quitte les murs de l’université

Éditoral / Editorial