16 resultados para Selective schools

em Université de Montréal, Canada


Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

We consider the problem of assigning students to schools on the basis of priorities. Students are allowed to have equal priority at a school. We characterize the efficient rules which weakly/strongly respect students’ priorities. When priority orderings are not strict, it is not possible to simply break ties in a fixed manner. All possibilities of resolving the indifferences need to be considered. Neither the deferred acceptance algorithm nor the top trading cycle algorithm successfully solve the problem of efficiently assigning the students to schools whereas a modified version of the deferred acceptance algorithm might. In this version tie breaking depends on students’ preferences.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This paper develops a bargaining model of wage and employment determination for the public sector. the solution to the model generates structural wage and employment equations that are estimated using data from New York State teacher-school district collective bargaining agreements.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

It is not uncommon that a society facing a choice problem has also to choose the choice rule itself. In such situation voters’ preferences on alternatives induce preferences over the voting rules. Such a setting immediately gives rise to a natural question concerning consistency between these two levels of choice. If a choice rule employed to resolve the society’s original choice problem does not choose itself when it is also used in choosing the choice rule, then this phenomenon can be regarded as inconsistency of this choice rule as it rejects itself according to its own rationale. Koray (2000) proved that the only neutral, unanimous universally self-selective social choice functions are the dictatorial ones. Here we in troduce to our society a constitution, which rules out inefficient social choice rules. When inefficient social choice rules become unavailable for comparison, the property of self-selectivity becomes weaker and we show that some non-trivial self-selective social choice functions do exist. Under certain assumptions on the constitution we describe all of them.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

BACKGROUND: HIV-1 Vpu targets newly synthesized CD4 receptor for rapid degradation by a process reminiscent of endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-associated protein degradation (ERAD). Vpu is thought to act as an adaptor protein, connecting CD4 to the ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome degradative system through an interaction with beta-TrCP, a component of the SCFbeta-TrCP E3 Ub ligase complex. RESULTS: Here, we provide direct evidence indicating that Vpu promotes trans-ubiquitination of CD4 through recruitment of SCFbeta-TrCP in human cells. To examine whether Ub conjugation occurs on the cytosolic tail of CD4, we substituted all four Ub acceptor lysine residues for arginines. Replacement of cytosolic lysine residues reduced but did not prevent Vpu-mediated CD4 degradation and ubiquitination, suggesting that Vpu-mediated CD4 degradation is not entirely dependent on the ubiquitination of cytosolic lysines and as such might also involve ubiquitination of other sites. Cell fractionation studies revealed that Vpu enhanced the levels of ubiquitinated forms of CD4 detected in association with not only the ER membrane but also the cytosol. Interestingly, significant amounts of membrane-associated ubiquitinated CD4 appeared to be fully dislocated since they could be recovered following sodium carbonate salt treatment. Finally, expression of a transdominant negative mutant of the AAA ATPase Cdc48/p97 involved in the extraction of ERAD substrates from the ER membrane inhibited Vpu-mediated CD4 degradation. CONCLUSION: Taken together, these results are consistent with a model whereby HIV-1 Vpu targets CD4 for degradation by an ERAD-like process involving most likely poly-ubiquitination of the CD4 cytosolic tail by SCFbeta-TrCP prior to dislocation of receptor molecules across the ER membrane by a process that depends on the AAA ATPase Cdc48/p97.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This is the full audio recording of the "Breaking the silence : International conference on the Indian residential schools commission of Canada" that took place at the University of Montreal on September 26-27, 2008. Enregistrement audio complets du colloque "Briser le silence" sur la Commission de vérité et de réconciliation sur les pensionnats indiens, ayant eu lieu à Montréal les 26 et 27 septembre 2008.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

his paper explores how participation and sustainability are being addressed by architects within the Building Schools for the Future (BSF) programme in the UK. The intentions promoted by the programme are certainly ambitious, but the ways to fulfil these aims are ill-explored. Simply focusing on providing innovative learning technologies, or indeed teaching young people about physical sustainability features in buildings, will not necessarily teach them the skills they will need to respond to the environmental and social challenges of a rapidly changing world. However, anticipating those skills is one of the most problematic issues of the programme. The involvement of young people in the design of schools is used to suggest empowerment, place-making and to promote social cohesion but this is set against government design literature which advocates for exemplars, standard layouts and best practice, all leading to forms of standardisation. The potentials for tokenistic student involvement and conflict with policy aims are evident. This paper explores two issues: how to foster in young people an ethic towards future generations, and the role of co-design practices in this process. Michael Oakeshott calls teaching the conversation of mankind. In this paper, I look at the philosophy of Hannah Arendt, Emmanuel Levinas, Maurice Merleau-Ponty and Luce Irigaray to argue that investigating the ethical dilemmas of the programme through critical dialogue with students offers an approach to meeting government objectives, building sustainable schools, and fostering sustainable citizenship.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This article represents a prime example of applied ethics in public health policy development. The article provides guidance on the development of food allergy policies for child care settings based on core ethical principles in bioethics and public health ethics.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

Récemment, un nombre grandissant de jeunes ayant des troubles du comportement ont été intégrés dans les classes régulières. Afin de soutenir cette intégration, plusieurs programmes d’intervention ont émergé et été implantés dans les écoles québécoises. Parmi ces programmes, on retrouve le programme l’Allié, qui se distingue des autres, notamment, par l’utilisation de pairs aidants. Ce cadre d’intervention prometteur soulève cependant certains questionnements sur la possibilité d’influence négative entre les jeunes. L’objectif de l’étude est de décrire, dans une approche comportementale, le processus d'influence entre pairs. Une méthodologie d’observation systématique des interactions sociales est privilégiée. Les résultats indiquent qu’il n’y a pas eu d’influence négative dans les groupes l’Allié. Les comportements perturbateurs ont eu plus de chances de cesser lorsque les participants les ont ignorés, que lorsque les pairs ont réagi à ces comportements. L’ignorance intentionnelle d’un comportement semble donc constituer un processus d’influence important dans les groupes de jeunes.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

The principal cause of mortality in patients with acute liver failure (ALF) is brain herniation resulting from intracranial hypertension caused by a progressive increase of brain water. In the present study, ex vivo high-resolution 1H-NMR spectroscopy was used to investigate the effects of ALF, with or without superimposed hypothermia, on brain organic osmolyte concentrations in relation to the severity of encephalopathy and brain edema in rats with ALF due to hepatic devascularization. In normothermic ALF rats, glutamine concentrations in frontal cortex increased more than fourfold at precoma stages, i.e. prior to the onset of severe encephalopathy, but showed no further increase at coma stages. In parallel with glutamine accumulation, the brain organic osmolytes myo-inositol and taurine were significantly decreased in frontal cortex to 63\% and 67\% of control values, respectively, at precoma stages (p<0.01), and to 58\% and 67\%, respectively, at coma stages of encephalopathy (p<0.01). Hypothermia, which prevented brain edema and encephalopathy in ALF rats, significantly attenuated the depletion of myo-inositol and taurine. Brain glutamine concentrations, on the other hand, did not respond to hypothermia. These findings demonstrate that experimental ALF results in selective changes in brain organic osmolytes as a function of the degree of encephalopathy which are associated with brain edema, and provides a further rationale for the continued use of hypothermia in the management of this condition.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

INTRODUCTION: Emerging evidence indicates that nitric oxide (NO), which is increased in osteoarthritic (OA) cartilage, plays a role in 4-hydroxynonenal (HNE) generation through peroxynitrite formation. HNE is considered as the most reactive product of lipid peroxidation (LPO). We have previously reported that HNE levels in synovial fluids are more elevated in knees of OA patients compared to healthy individuals. We also demonstrated that HNE induces a panoply of inflammatory and catabolic mediators known for their implication in OA cartilage degradation. The aim of the present study was to investigate the ability of inducible NO synthase (iNOS) inhibitor, L-NIL (L-N6-(L-Iminoethyl)Lysine), to prevent HNE generation through NO inhibition in human OA chondrocytes. METHOD: Cells and cartilage explants were treated with or without either an NO generator (SIN or interleukin 1beta (IL-1β)) or HNE in absence or presence of L-NIL. Protein expression of both iNOS and free-radical-generating NOX subunit p47 (phox) were investigated by western blot. iNOS mRNA detection was measured by real-time RT-PCR. HNE production was analysed by ELISA, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. S-nitrosylated proteins were evaluated by Western Blot. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and metalloproteinase 13 (MMP-13) levels as well as glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity were each assessed with commercial kits. NO release was determined using improved Griess method. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation was revealed using fluorescent microscopy with the use of commercial kits. RESULTS: L-NIL prevented IL-1β-induced NO release, iNOS expression at protein and mRNA levels, S-nitrosylated proteins and HNE in a dose dependent manner after 24h of incubation. Interestingly, we revealed that L-NIL abolished IL-1β-induced NOX component p47phox as well as ROS release. The HNE-induced PGE2 release and both cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and MMP-13 expression were significantly reduced by L-NIL addition. Furthermore, L-NIL blocked the IL-1β induced inactivation of GST, an HNE-metabolizing enzyme. Also, L-NIL prevented HNE induced cell death at cytotoxic levels. CONCLUSION: Altogether, our findings support a beneficial effect of L-NIL in OA by preventing LPO process in NO-dependent and/or independent mechanisms.

Relevância:

20.00% 20.00%

Publicador:

Resumo:

This paper presents a reform initiative, the Supporting Montreal Schools Program (SMSP), created by the government of Quebec to assist 184 low socio-economic-status schools in Montreal implement seven reform strategies prescribed by the government. On a regular basis, the professional team of the SMSP engages in reflection and research with universities concerning one or more of the strategies they are charged with helping schools implement or the functioning of the SMSP more generally. The present research programme is part of the team’s ongoing reflection on a component of Strategy 4: professional development of school administrators and the school team. In this paper, we detail results from this initial and subsequent studies on the work of principals in low-performing schools. We also describe our collaborative relationship with the SMSP team, discuss the effectiveness of the SMSP in promoting the implementation of the seven governmentmandated strategies and critique the utility of our partnership with the SMSP and our use of that programme as a vehicle for linking research to practice.