7 resultados para Scientific production
em Université de Montréal, Canada
Resumo:
Au Canada, les chercheurs postdoctoraux font face de nombreux dfis qui dcoulent dune carence dans leur prise en charge par le systme d'ducation suprieure. Puisque leurs donnes ne sont pas gres de faon centralise, leur population et leur contribution au systme de recherche demeurent imprcises. Cette tude prsente une analyse bibliomtrique sur la production scientifique des stagiaires postdoctoraux financs par les organismes subventionnaires fdraux canadiens et de la province de Qubec de 2004 2008 (N = 3 454). Les rsultats montrent que ces postdoctorants ont en moyenne une productivit gale ou suprieure celle des doctorants et des membres du corps professoral qubcois et que leur impact scientifique est suprieur celui des deux autres groupes. On observe aussi que les postdoctorants ayant ralis leur stage aux tats-Unis prsentent des indicateurs de productivit et dimpact plus levs.
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Article
Resumo:
Antimicrobial resistance is a growing public health concern and is associated with the over or inappropriate use of antimicrobials in both humans and agriculture. While there has been recognition of this problem on the part of agricultural and public health authorities, there has nonetheless been significant difficulty in translating policy recommendations into practical guidelines. In this paper, we examine the process of public health policy development in Quebec agriculture, with a focus on the case of pork production and the role of food animal veterinarians in policy making. We argue that a tendency to employ strictly techno-scientific risk analyses of antimicrobial use ignores the fundamental social, economic and political realities of key stakeholders and so limits the applicability of policy recommendations developed by government advisory groups. In particular, we suggest that veterinarians personal and professional interests, and their ethical norms of practice, are key factors to both the problem of and the solution to the current over-reliance on antimicrobials in food production.
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La version integrale de cette these est disponible uniquement pour consultation individuelle la Bibliotheque de musique de lUniversite de Montreal (http://www.bib.umontreal.ca/MU).
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Le gnocide armnien de 1915 a eu de consquentes rpercussions identitaires sur les diffrentes gnrations dArmniens en diaspora, crant ainsi, pour les communauts armniennes diasporiques, une responsabilit de perptuer la mmoire collective traumatique. Cependant, des diffrences sobservent entre ces gnrations dans la dfinition de larmnit ainsi que dans les sources dapprovisionnement identitaire. Ainsi, notre question de recherche vise comprendre comment les contenus des imaginaires nationaux et les sources de (re)production culturelle changent entre les deuxime, troisime et quatrime gnrations dArmniens tablis Montral. Lobjectif de cette prsente recherche est de faire combiner la littrature scientifique mergente sur le nationalisme diasporique, ainsi que celle sur le rle du cyberespace. Par le biais d'entrevues auprs d'Armniens, exils depuis le gnocide armnien de 1915 et tablis Montral, nous montrerons, dans un premier temps, comment le contenu des imaginaires nationaux change par le passage d'une identit traditionnelle une identit symbolique. Deuximement, nous verrons comment les sources de (re)production culturelle se transforment par le passage de sources traditionnelles aux sources numriques avec l'avnement du cyberespace.
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Political science is both a generalizing and an anchored, nationally defined, discipline. Too often, the first perspective tends to crowd out the latter, because it appears more prestigious, objective, or scientific. Behind the international/national dichotomy, there are indeed rival conceptions of social science, and important ontological, epistemological and methodological assumptions. This article discusses these assumptions and stresses the critical contribution of idiographic, single-outcome studies, the importance of producing relevant, usable knowledge, and the distinctive implications of studying ones own country, where a scholar is also a citizen, involved in more encompassing national conversations. The aim is not to reject the generalizing, international perspective, or even the comparative approach, but rather to reaffirm the importance of maintaining as well, and in fact celebrating, the production of social scientific knowledge directly relevant for our own times and places.
Resumo:
Colistin, a cationic polypeptide antibiotic, has reappeared in human medicine as a last-line treatment option for multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDR-GNB). Colistin is widely used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of gastrointestinal infections caused by Enterobacteriaceae. GNB resistant to colistin owing to chromosomal mutations have already been reported both in human and veterinary medicine, however several recent studies have just identified a plasmid-mediated mcr-1 gene encoding for colistin resistance in Escherichia coli colistin resistance. The discovery of a non-chromosomal mechanism of colistin resistance in E.coli has led to strong reactions in the scientific community and to concern among physicians and veterinarians. Colistin use in food animals and particularly in pig production has been singled out as responsible for the emergence of colistin resistance. The present review will focus mainly on the possible link between colistin use in pigs and the spread of colistin resistance in Enterobacteriaceae. First we demonstrate a possible link between Enterobacteriaceae resistance emergence and oral colistin pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics and its administration modalities in pigs. We then discuss the potential impact of colistin use in pigs on public health with respect to resistance. We believe that colistin use in pig production should be re-evaluated and its dosing and usage optimised. Moreover, the search for competitive alternatives to using colistin with swine is of paramount importance to preserve the effectiveness of this antibiotic for the treatment of MDR-GNB infections in human medicine.
