8 resultados para Salt aggregate

em Université de Montréal, Canada


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In This Paper We Present and Implement an Econometric Test of Both Negative Semi-Definiteness of the Matrix of Compensated Price Effects and of the Negative Quasi-Definiteness of the Matrix of Uncompensated Price Effects. This Test Allows Us to Evaluate Two Alternative Characterizations of Aggregate Demand Systems: the First, That They Behave Like Individual Demand Fuctions, and the Second, That They Respect the Properties Implied by the Assumptions Proposed by Hidebrand (1983) Or Grandmont (1984).

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The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that, even if Marx's solution to the transformation problem can be modified, his basic conclusions remain valid. the proposed alternative solution which is presented hare is based on the constraint of a common general profit rate in both spaces and a money wage level which will be determined simultaneously with prices.

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This paper documents and discusses a dramatic change in the cyclical behavior of aggregate hours worked by individuals with a college degree (skilled workers) since the mid-1980’s. Using the CPS outgoing rotation data set for the period 1979:1-2003:4, we find that the volatility of aggregate skilled hours relative to the volatility of GDP has nearly tripled since 1984. In contrast, the cyclical properties of unskilled hours have remained essentially unchanged. We evaluate the extent to which a simple supply/demand model for skilled and unskilled labor with capital-skill complementarity in production can help explain this stylized fact. Within this framework, we identify three effects which would lead to an increase in the relative volatility of skilled hours: (i) a reduction in the degree of capital-skill complementarity, (ii) a reduction in the absolute volatility of GDP (and unskilled hours), and (iii) an increase in the level of capital equipment relative to skilled labor. We provide empirical evidence in support of each of these effects. Our conclusion is that these three mechanisms can jointly explain about sixty percent of the observed increase in the relative volatility of skilled labor. The reduction in the degree of capital-skill complementarity contributes the most to this result.

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The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that, even if Marx's solution to the transformation problem can be modified, his basic conclusions remain valid. the proposed alternative solution which is presented hare is based on the constraint of a common general profit rate in both spaces and a money wage level which will be determined simultaneously with prices.

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In this paper, we study the macroeconomic implications of sectoral heterogeneity and, in particular, heterogeneity in price setting, through the lens of a highly disaggregated multi-sector model. The model incorporates several realistic features and is estimated using a mix of aggregate and sectoral U.S. data. The frequencies of price changes implied by our estimates are remarkably consistent with those reported in micro-based studies, especially for non-sale prices. The model is used to study (i) the contribution of sectoral characteristics to the observed cross sectional heterogeneity in sectoral output and inflation responses to a monetary policy shock, (ii) the implications of sectoral price rigidity for aggregate output and inflation dynamics and for cost pass-through, and (iii) the role of sectoral shocks in explaining sectoral prices and quantities.

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Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

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Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

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L’hypertension essentielle étant un facteur majeur de morbidité, la compréhension de son l’étiologie est prépondérante. Ainsi, la découverte de nouvelles composantes ou mécanismes de régulation de la PA par l’identification de QTL et l’étude de leurs interactions s’avère une approche prometteuse. L’utilisation de souches congéniques de rats pour l’étude de l’hypertension est une stratégie payante puisqu’elle permet de masquer les effets de l’environnement, tout en gardant le caractère polygénique de la PA. Longtemps conçu comme un trait issu de l’accumulation des effets minimes des QTL, la PA est régulée par une architecture basée sur l’existence d’interactions épistatiques. L’analyse par paires de QTL individuels a permis d’établir une modularité dans l’organisation des QTL chez le rat Dahl Salt-sensitive en fonction de la présence ou de l’absence d’une interaction épistatique entre eux. Ainsi, deux modules épistatiques ont été établis; EM1 et EM2 où tous les QTL appartenant à EM1 sont épistatiques entre eux et agissent de façon additive avec les membres de EM2. Des hiérarchies dans la régulation peuvent alors être révélées si les QTL d’un même EM ont des effets opposés. L’identification de la nature moléculaire des candidats C18QTL4/Hdhd2 et C18QTL3/Tcof1, membres du EM1, et de l’interaction épistatique entre ces deux QTL, a permis, en plus, d’élucider une régulation séquentielle au sein du module. Hdhd2 pourrait agir en amont de Tcof1 et réguler ce dernier par une modification post-traductionnelle. Cette interaction est la première évidence expérimentale de la prédiction des relations entre QTL, phénomène établi par leur modularisation. Le dévoilement du fonctionnement de l’architecture génétique à la base du contrôle de la PA et la découverte des gènes responsables des QTL permettrait d’élargir les cibles thérapeutiques et donc de développer des traitements antihypertenseurs plus efficaces.