Pedro Alexandrino de Carvalho (1729-1810) et la peinture d'histoire à Lisbonne : cycles religieux et cycles profanes

Thèse numérisée par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Exploration of implicit theories in the formation of expert opinion in portuguese criminal law

This dissertation examines different aspects involved in the formation of psychologists’ expert opinion in the Portuguese criminal justice system, more precisely, as this opinion is reflected in assessment reports. The present dissertation is comprised of three qualitative studies, the first sought to provide a general portrait of a sample of 106 forensic psychological reports as to their overall quality as measured in terms of relevance and coherence. Results show that the formal markers of quality are present in the sample analysed, a certain number of weaknesses have been observed, notably concerning the internal coherence of the reports as well as the relevance of the information reported on. The second study explored the opinions of 17 Portuguese judges and state prosecutors concerning the use they make of this type of forensic report. It appears that they consider these reports to be useful and very credible, specially so when they have been produced under the auspices of the National Institute of Legal Medicine and Forensic Sciences, which is the state forensic institution. Furthermore, it appears that judges and prosecutors were particularly interested in data that allowed for a personalised portrait of the assessee. The third study sought to better comprehend the conceptual bases on which psychologists construct their reports. To this end, an exploratory study was undertaken with a sample of key-actors; the analysis of their interviews shows that they define their judicial mandate as well as the basic concepts that are associated to this mandate in different ways. A theoretical framework provided by an implicit theories model was used to help understand these results.

Artiste ou espion ? Dessiner le paysage dans l’Italie du XVIe siècle

Stories of artists who were arrested and accused of spying while drawing landscape remain relatively unknown in the history of open-air drawing in the Renaissance period, when landscape raised new aesthetic issues as well as strategic and military tensions. This article focuses on Francisco de Holanda, a Portuguese artist who travelled through Italy between 1538 and 1542. Having embarked on a visual-spying mission of the peninsula's fortresses, he wrote essays on drawing and painting in which landscape representation took on a strategic dimension ans was celebrated as such. At the same time, treatises on the 'art of travelling' provided a great deal of advice on how to draw and map foreign territories 'without raising suspicion', while treatises on fortification often addressed military secret. Examining the figure of the draughtsman together with his graphic production at the service of art or war leads to a wider reflection on the development of a certain vision of landscape in the modern West.

Landscape all'Antica and Topographical Anachronism in Roman Fresco Painting of the Sixteenth Century

An article derived from the first chapter of the writer's doctoral thesis, “Paysage et Pouvoir. Les décors topographiques à Rome et dans le Latium au XVIe siècle.”