2 resultados para Palmer family (George Palmer, 1795-1834).
em Université de Montréal, Canada
Resumo:
Dans deux articles récents, Clare Palmer défend la portée morale de la distinction entre animaux non humains domestiqués et animaux non humains sauvages suivant une approche « contextuelle ». Suivant cette approche, Palmer considère que les liens historiques qui unissent les animaux domestiqués aux êtres humains, à l'origine causale d'un état de dépendance et de vulnérabilité subi par les premiers, génèrent des obligations morales spéciales à leur égard (devoir de protection, notamment) non partagées par les animaux non-domestiqués (« sauvages »). Considérant tout d'abord les limites de la distinction sauvage/domestique et de l'approche contextuelle proposées par Palmer, cet article questionne la capacité de l'approche contextuelle de Palmer à pouvoir faire sens néanmoins d'une autre idée de sauvage, à savoir un sauvage « localisé » ou environnemental.
Resumo:
Microcredit, a non-profit lending approach that is often championed as a source of women’s inclusion and empowerment, has in the past decade been followed by microfinance, a forprofit sibling of a different temperament. Microfinance in India is now in turmoil, precipitated by legislation in the state of Andhra Pradesh, which has encouraged withholding of payment, which in turn has frozen the market. This paper considers one precipitating condition of the crisis: the remarkable, new, and developing burden of formal economic debt that poor women in the state have only recently come to hold – debt that now surpasses one year’s family income, on average. The development of this lending sector follows upon innovation in lending to the poor of the global north over the past two decades, and the practices show noteworthy parallels. Both lending schemes have produced similar disproportionate burdens upon some low-status individuals within their respective economic orders, and both may exploit a vulnerability that is born of aspiration and produces great dysfunction for borrowers. This paper introduces the two lending schemes, sketches the parallels, and introduces the claim that ethical finance arrangements for the poor require attention to vulnerability, an under-utilized category in both liberal ethical theory and in finance.