Le Programme Hors Normes en santé au travail : représentations d’infirmières du secteur public

Depuis 2006, le Programme Hors Normes (PHN) dicte une nouvelle marche à suivre que doivent privilégier les équipes de santé au travail (SAT) lorsque des travailleurs sont exposés à des concentrations environnementales de produits chimiques supérieures aux valeurs d’exposition admissibles, c’est-à-dire à des « hors normes ». Le PHN encadre les activités de signalements des hors normes aux instances concernées et demande des suivis plus rigoureux en établissements. Ce faisant, il redéfinit les rôles des infirmières et des membres des équipes SAT. Dans le but de mieux comprendre l’implication des infirmières dans le cadre du PHN, sept entretiens individuels semi-dirigés ont été réalisés afin d’explorer et de décrire leurs représentations. L’analyse qualitative de ces représentations, par catégorisation et comparaisons constantes des discours, révèle que les infirmières se représentent de diverses façons leur pratique dans le cadre du PHN. En effet, les résultats de l’étude montrent qu’afin de comprendre l’implication des infirmières dans ce programme d’intervention, il importe de considérer les quatre éléments suivants : l’organisation du travail, les aspects relationnels (dynamique de relations), les cibles d’intervention et l’utilité du travail des infirmières (sens donné au travail). Afin de faciliter leur participation dans les programmes d’intervention et d’encourager la collaboration, tant intersectorielle qu’interprofessionnelle, il est suggéré en premier lieu de favoriser l’implication des infirmières dans les processus d’élaboration et d’implantation de programmes d’intervention. En second lieu, il est proposé de mettre en place une formation continue interprofessionnelle permettant une meilleure harmonisation des pratiques professionnelles.

International Transmission of the Business Cycle in a Multi-Sector Model.

Multi-country models have not been very successful in replicating important features of the international transmission of business cycles. Standard models predict cross-country correlations of output and consumption which are respectively too low and too high. In this paper, we build a multi-country model of the business cycle with multiple sectors in order to analyze the role of sectoral shocks in the international transmission of the business cycle. We find that a model with multiple sectors generates a higher cross-country correlation of output than standard one-sector models, and a lower cross-country correlation of consumption. In addition, it predicts cross-country correlations of employment and investment that are closer to the data than the standard model. We also analyze the relative effects of multiple sectors, trade in intermediate goods, imperfect substitution between domestic and foreign goods, home preference, capital adjustment costs, and capital depreciation on the international transmission of the business cycle.

Sector-Specific on-the-Job Training: Evidence from U.S. Data.

Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY), we re-examine the effect of formal on-the-job training on mobility patterns of young American workers. By employing parametric duration models, we evaluate the economic impact of training on productive time with an employer. Confirming previous studies, we find a positive and statistically significant impact of formal on-the-job training on tenure with the employer providing the training. However, the expected net duration of the time spent in the training program is generally not significantly increased. We proceed to document and analyze intra-sectoral and cross-sectoral mobility patterns in order to infer whether training provides firm-specific, industry-specific, or general human capital. The econometric analysis rejects a sequential model of job separation in favor of a competing risks specification. We find significant evidence for the industry-specificity of training. The probability of sectoral mobility upon job separation decreases with training received in the current industry, whether with the last employer or previous employers, and employment attachment increases with on-the-job training. These results are robust to a number of variations on the base model.

Cross-sectoral variation in the volatility of plant-level idiosyncratic shocks

We estimate the volatility of plant–level idiosyncratic shocks in the U.S. manufacturing sector. Our measure of volatility is the variation in Revenue Total Factor Productivity which is not explained by either industry– or economy–wide factors, or by establishments’ characteristics. Consistent with previous studies, we find that idiosyncratic shocks are much larger than aggregate random disturbances, accounting for about 80% of the overall uncertainty faced by plants. The extent of cross–sectoral variation in the volatility of shocks is remarkable. Plants in the most volatile sector are subject to about six times as much idiosyncratic uncertainty as plants in the least volatile. We provide evidence suggesting that idiosyncratic risk is higher in industries where the extent of creative destruction is likely to be greater.