3 resultados para Amyloid Vorläuferprotein (APP)
em Université de Montréal, Canada
Resumo:
Alzheimer's disease is the most common type of dementia in the elderly; it is characterized by early deficits in learning and memory formation and ultimately leads to a generalised loss of higher cognitive functions. While amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau are traditionally associated with the development of Alzheimer disease, recent studies suggest that other factors, like the intracellular domain (APP-ICD) of the amyloid precursor protein (APP), could play a role. In this study, we investigated whether APP-ICD could affect synaptic transmission and synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, which is involved in learning and memory processes. Our results indicated that overexpression of APP-ICD in hippocampal CA1 neurons leads to a decrease in evoked AMPA-receptor and NMDA-receptor dependent synaptic transmission. Our study demonstrated that this effect is specific for APP-ICD since its closest homologue APLP2-ICD did not reproduce this effect. In addition, APP-ICD blocks the induction of long term potentiation (LTP) and leads to increased of expression and facilitated induction of long term depression (LTD), while APLP2-ICD shows neither of these effects. Our study showed that this difference observed in synaptic transmission and plasticity between the two intracellular domains resides in the difference of one alanine in the APP-ICD versus a proline in the APLP2-ICD. Exchanging this critical amino-acid through point-mutation, we observed that APP(PAV)-ICD had no longer an effect on synaptic plasticity. We also demonstrated that APLP2(AAV)-ICD mimic the effect of APP-ICD in regards of facilitated LTD. Next we showed that the full length APP-APLP2-APP (APP with a substitution of the Aβ component for its homologous APLP2 part) had no effect on synaptic transmission or synaptic plasticity when compared to the APP-ICD. However, by activating caspase cleavage prior to induction of LTD or LTP, we observed an LTD facilitation and a block of LTP with APP-APLP2-APP, effects that were not seen with the full length APLP2 protein. APP is phosphorylated at threonine 668 (Thr668), which is localized directly after the aforementioned critical alanine and the caspase cleavage site in APP-APLP2-APP. Mutating this Thr668 for an alanine abolishes the effects on LTD and restores LTP induction. Finally, we showed that the facilitation of LTD with APP-APLP2-APP involves ryanodine receptor dependent calcium release from intracellular stores. Taken together, we propose the emergence of a new APP intracellular domain, which plays a critical role in the regulation of synaptic plasticity and by extension, could play a role in the development of memory loss in Alzheimer’s disease.
Resumo:
Le rôle de l'inflammation dans le développement et la progression des maladies rénales chroniques (MRC) chez le chat a été peu étudié. L'hepcidine est une protéine de la phase aigue (PPA) de l'inflammation qui contribue au développement des anémies lors de MRC chez l'homme. Les objectifs de cette étude sont de comparer les concentrations en PPAs, en erythropoietine (EPO) ainsi que le statut en fer entre un groupe de chats sains et en MRC. 18 chats sains et 38 chats en MRC ont été recrutés de façon prospective. Les examens réalisés incluaient hématologie, biochimie, analyse d'urine, Serum amyloid A (SAA), haptoglobine (HAP), EPO, hepcidine,fer, TIBC et ferritinne. Nous avons observé une augmentation significative des concentrations en SAA et en hepcidine ainsi qu'une diminution significative du fer et du TIBC dans le groupe MRC (P < .05). Une corrélation positive entre la créatinine et certaines PPAs (SAA and hepcidin; P < .05) était présente. L'augmentation de SAA et hepcidine était significativement associé avec une diminution du TIBC et de l'hématocrite dans le groupe MRC. Les 14 (37%) chats anémiques du groupe MRC avaient une concentration significativement plus basse en fer et en TIBC (P < .05), changements compatibles avec une déficience fonctionelle en fer. Aucun chat n'avait un panel de fer compatible avec une carence en fer absolue. En conclusion, les résultats de cette étude suggèrent que les MRC chez le chat sont des conditions pro-inflammatoires, ayant un impact sur le métabolisme du fer.