La Seconde introduction à la Nouvelle présentation de la doctrine de la science de Fichte (1797-1798)

La doctrine de la science de Fichte a été – et est encore aujourd’hui – l’objet de nombreuses incompréhensions et confusions. Cela, selon l’aveu même de l’auteur, tient à la nature de cette philosophie, qui exige du lecteur un effort tout à fait particulier d’entrée en matière, voire un réel engagement. C’est à cette voie d’accès à la doctrine de la science que nous nous intéresserons ici, à travers l’analyse du texte où Fichte s’en explique le mieux : la Seconde introduction à la Nouvelle présentation de la doctrine de la science de 1797-1798. Par là, il nous sera également possible d’éclairer les concepts, fondamentaux, d’intuition intellectuelle et de Moi, tels qu’ils apparaissent à ce moment crucial du développement de la Wissenschaftslehre.

Pratiques éducatives et facteurs favorisant l’application des connaissances acquises pour le développement professionnel infirmier

Travail dirigé présenté à la Faculté des sciences infirmières en vue de l’obtention du grade de Maître ès sciences (M.Sc.) en sciences infirmières option formation des sciences infirmières

Assessment of meat authenticity using bioinformatics, targeted peptide biomarkers and high-resolution mass spectrometry

In recent years, we observed a significant increase of food fraud ranging from false label claims to the use of additives and fillers to increase profitability. Recently in 2013, horse and pig DNA were detected in beef products sold from several retailers. Mass spectrometry has become the workhorse in protein research and the detection of marker proteins could serve for both animal species and tissue authentication. Meat species authenticity will be performed using a well defined proteogenomic annotation, carefully chosen surrogate tryptic peptides and analysis using a hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer. Selected mammalian meat samples were homogenized, proteins were extracted and digested with trypsin. The samples were analyzed using a high-resolution mass spectrometer. The chromatography was achieved using a 30 minutes linear gradient along with a BioBasic C8 100 × 1 mm column at a flow rate of 75 µL/min. The mass spectrometer was operated in full-scan high resolution and accurate mass. MS/MS spectra were collected for selected proteotypic peptides. Muscular proteins were methodically analyzed in silico in order to generate tryptic peptide mass lists and theoretical MS/MS spectra. Following a comprehensive bottom-up proteomic analysis, we were able to detect and identify a proteotypic myoglobin tryptic peptide [120-134] for each species with observed m/z below 1.3 ppm compared to theoretical values. Moreover, proteotypic peptides from myosin-1, myosin-2 and -hemoglobin were also identified. This targeted method allowed a comprehensive meat speciation down to 1% (w/w) of undesired product.