La question de la traduction dans les pensées herméneutiques de Gadamer et de Ricœur.

Les pensées herméneutiques de Gadamer et de Ricœur reconnaissent toutes deux une importance centrale, mais trop peu remarquée, au phénomène de la traduction. Elles lui attribuent même une valeur de modèle philosophique, mais l’abordent dans des perspectives différentes. Notre mémoire tâchera de présenter ces deux conceptions de la traduction et d’insister autant sur leurs similitudes que sur leurs divergences. Nous verrons que si pour Gadamer, la traduction sert surtout à mettre en évidence l’universalité de l’élément langagier, Ricœur s’intéresse, pour sa part, davantage à ses implications éthiques, qui restent seulement implicites dans la pensée gadamérienne.

Changes in urethral sphincter size following rehabilitation in older women with stress urinary incontinence

Introduction and hypothesis The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of a pelvic floor muscle (PFM) rehabilitation program on the striated urethral sphincter in women over 60 years with stress urinary incontinence (SUI). We hypothesized that the PFM rehabilitation program would also exercise the striated urethral sphincter and that this would be demonstrated by hypertrophy of the sphincter on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods Women with at least weekly episodes of SUI were recruited. Participants were evaluated before and after a 12-week group PFM rehabilitation intervention with T2-weighted fast-spin-echo MRI sequences recorded in the axial plane at rest to assess urethral sphincter size. Data on SUI symptoms and their bother were also collected. No control group was included. Results Seventeen women participated in the study. The striated urethral sphincter increased significantly in thickness (21 %, p < 0.001), cross-sectional area (20 %, p = 0.003), and volume (12 %, p = 0.003) following the intervention. The reported number of incontinence episodes and their bother also decreased significantly. Conclusions This study appears to demonstrate that PFM training for SUI also trains the striated urethral sphincter and that improvement in incontinence signs and symptoms is associated with sphincter hypertrophy in older women with SUI. These findings support previous ultrasound (US) data showing an increase in urethral cross-sectional area following PFM training and extend the previous findings by more specifically assessing the area of hypertrophy and by demonstrating that older women present the same changes as younger women when assessed using MRI data.